Cost-effectiveness of the prevention of parent-to-child transmission guidelines of HIV in India.

Background: One of the modes of transmission of HIV infection in India is from mother-to-child. In 2014, Prevention of Parent-to-child Transmission (PPTCT) guidelines of HIV in India were implemented which included shifting from Option A to Option B and B+. The aim of the present study was to evaluate health and cost related outcomes after implementation of these new guidelines.

Abdominal and Chest Ultrasonography: A predictor for disease progression in nonsevere dengue.

Background: Dengue is one of the most rapidly spreading arboviral infections in the world. Ultrasound is well established in abdomino-thoracic evaluation of patients with dengue infection. The aim of this study was to explore the role of ultrasound in predicting occurrence of severe infection in dengue patients and in predicting deterioration in patients with nonsevere dengue.

To Study the Role of Serum Homocysteine Levels and Ocular Involvement in Retinal Vasculitis.

Idiopathic retinal vasculitis is a chronic disease of unknown aetiology which results in ocular morbidity in patients of productive age group. Homocysteine has been implicated in various ocular conditions like age-related macular degeneration, retinal vein occlusions, diabetic retinopathy, and optic nerve diseases. We conducted a study to investigate the relation between serum homocysteine levels and retinal vasculitis at a tertiary care centre in North India.

Food Safety in Eating Establishments: Assessing Conformance of Eating Establishments to Food Safety and Standards Regulations.

Introduction: In view of the rising burden of the foodborne illnesses and the rise of eating out culture in India, food safety has assumed greater significance. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India has prescribed food safety and standards regulations (FSSRs) for commercial eating establishments (EEs). The present study was carried out to ascertain conformance of the EEs to these regulations.

Scoring system for activation of critical care air transport team for aeromedical evacuation.

Background: Our hospital began work on formulating its own critical care air transport team (CCATT) and patient transfer unit (PTU) in 2007. A total of 293 patients have been evacuated by air using the various models of the PTU from April 2008 to February 2017. This study has been undertaken to formulate a protocol for activation of CCATT for aeromedical evacuation that best suits our setup keeping in view the availability of electromedical equipment, manpower and aircrafts.

Impact of individualized nutritional counseling on infant and young child feeding practices.

Background: Improper complementary feeding practices are common in India, thus leading to malnutrition. The objective was to compare complementary feeding practices of mothers with children aged between 6 months and 2 years before and after individualized nutritional counseling.

Methods: This before-and-after interventional study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital between June 2018 and August 2018 on 30 mothers attending an immunization clinic.

Skin-to-skin contact at birth for vaginally delivered neonates in a tertiary care hospital: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Neonates undergoing skin-to-skin contact (SSC) have shown to have better cardiovascular stability, improved duration of breastfeeding, temperature maintenance and bonding. The primary objective was to estimate the existing prevalence of SSC among mother-infant dyads in the first hour after vaginal delivery, and the secondary objective was to ascertain the factors affecting adherence of SSC after vaginal delivery.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital between September 2017 and December 2017.

Correlation of visceral body fat with waist-hip ratio, waist circumference and body mass index in healthy adults: A cross sectional study.

Background: Visceral Fat (VF) is the underlying culprit for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, breast cancer, etc. VF can be estimated at present only by using expensive instruments as Bio Impedance Analyzer (BIA), DEXA scanner, etc. Measurement of Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) can be used as a proxy for VF.

Food poisoning outbreak in a religious mass gathering.

Background: Food poisoning outbreaks are commonly seen in mass social events where food is prepared under temporary arrangements. This study reports a food poisoning outbreak in a city of western Maharashtra, India, where around 4000 people had consumed food during a religious community lunch and reported sick to the nearby hospital with complaints of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever with chills, and vomiting.

Methods: This was a retrospective-prospective study.

Psychosocial determinants of stress among adolescents in an urban slum in a city of Western Maharashtra: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Stress is a major underlying factor in the manifestation of many mental disorders. The prevalence of stress among Indian adolescents varies from 13% to 45%. Hence, the present study was done to assess the psychosocial determinants of stress among adolescents in an urban slum.

A Comparison of Stress Response between Insertion of Gastro-laryngeal Tube and Endotracheal Intubation in Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures for Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography.

Background: Complex gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures like endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) require deep sedation or general anesthesia. Comorbidities with the poor physiological condition warrant endotracheal intubation to prevent hypoxia and aspiration. The gastro-laryngeal tube (GLT), a new supraglottic airway device with a separate channel for endoscope looks promising.

A descriptive study of clinico-hematological profile of megaloblastic anemia in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Megaloblastic Anemia (MA) is a relatively common disease, yet the data on prevalence of MA remains scarce. This study was conducted to study the prevalence and clinico-hematological profile of MA.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done on 1150 adult anemic patients.

Sense of coherence and self reported health amongst medical students: A cross sectional study.

Background: In late 70s, Antonovsky proposed a salutogenic theory. This theory was based on the assumption that the human environment causes stress, and sense of coherence could serve as a stress-resisting resource. This study examined association between sense of coherence and self rated health of medical students.

'': A cross-sectional study to assess awareness about food adulteration in an urban slum.

Background: Food adulteration includes various forms of practices, including mixing, substituting, concealing the quality of food, etc. One of the main causes for rampant adulteration is ignorance of consumer regarding their right and responsibilities resulting in faulty buying practices. Hence, the present study was done to assess the knowledge about adulteration among consumers in an urban slum.

A Longitudinal Study to Assess the Role of Sanitary Inspections in Improving the Hygiene and Food Safety of Eating Establishments in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India.

Introduction: Food safety inspections serve two purposes; determine compliance with the law and gather evidence for enforcement if there is noncompliance. The present study was conducted to assess the role of regular inspections on food safety in hospital premises.

Methodology: This was an intervention based before and after study.

Performance of Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) as screening tool for diabetes in an urban slum.

Background: India is diabetic capital of world, with maximum number of diabetic patients. There is large burden of undetected diabetic cases in community. There is increasing risk of diabetes in urban slum, because of illiteracy, lack of awareness, low socioeconomic status and unhealthy life style.

Effectiveness of an intervention package on knowledge, attitude, and practices of food handlers in a tertiary care hospital of north India: A before and after comparison study.

Background: Food-borne illnesses have been a recognized hazard for decades. Recent promulgation of Food Safety and Standards Act (FSSA), 2006, indicates the concern of our Govt. for food safety.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the TVT-Secur procedure in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women.

Background: The prevalence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in the middle-aged Indian women is around 16%. The use of transvaginal tapes (TVTs) has revolutionised the surgical management of SUI. Patients who undergo placement of the tape via the transobturator route often complain of persistent thigh pain at the site of trocar insertion.

Low prevalence of anaemia among the wives of serving personnel in a military station: A community-based study.

Background: Various studies in India have reported the prevalence of anaemia to be more than 50% among women of the reproductive age group. A community-based study was done to find out the prevalence of anaemia in non-pregnant, non-lactating wives of serving soldiers in a military station.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study.

A cross-sectional study to assess awareness about menstruation in adolescent girls of an urban slum in western Maharashtra.

Introduction: Reproductive health of adolescent girls is crucial as it determines the health of future generations. School girls when experiencing menarche find themselves in a setting without water, toilets or a supportive female teacher to explain the changes happening in their body. An important concern for adolescent girls is to have adequate, correct knowledge along with facilities and the cultural environment to manage menstruation hygienically and with dignity.

Impact of health education intervention on food safety and hygiene of street vendors: A pilot study.

Background: Street foods are major source of food to millions of people. However, these are frequently associated with food-borne illnesses. It is imperative that street food vendors are educated to maintain hygiene and hence safety of food.

Correlates of hematuria on glomerular histology and electron microscopy in IgA nephropathy.

Background: Hematuria is the most important clinical manifestation of IgA nephropathy. This study was undertaken with the objective to describe the spectrum of histological changes with reference to the Oxford classification and the ultrastructural changes in the glomerular basement membrane and to correlate them with hematuria.

Methods: 66 patients who underwent renal biopsy for IgA nephropathy were evaluated histologically by the Oxford system and also subject to electron microscopic examination for glomerular immune deposits, as well as alterations in the glomerular basement membrane.

Correlation of proteinuria with podocyte foot process effacement in IgA nephropathy: an ultrastructural study.

Background: Proteinuria is an uncommon clinical manifestation of IgA nephropathy and is usually seen in cases with severe lesions like endocapillary proliferation. However, it is occasionally seen even with cases with mild glomerular manifestations and may even be of nephrotic range.

Predictor: Podocyte foot process effacement.

A study on human leukocyte antigen class I molecules in paediatric bronchial asthma.

Childhood asthma, often associated with atopy, is more common in boys and may persist throughout life in 50% of cases. This case-control study was carried out to examine if any association of paediatric bronchial asthma with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I antigens. Thirty-six children with bronchial asthma diagnosed on basis of Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria and an equal number of healthy controls without history of bronchial asthma were studied.