Synchronized Ratiometric Codelivery of Metformin and Topotecan through Engineered Nanocarrier Facilitates In Vivo Synergistic Precision Levels at Tumor Site.

The combination of metabolic modulators with chemotherapy holds vast promise for effective inhibition of tumor progression and invasion. Herein, a ratiometric codelivery platform is developed for metformin (MET), a known metabolic modulator and topotecan (TPT), a chemotherapeutic drug, by engineering lipid bilayer-camouflaged mesoporous silica nanoparticles (LB-MSNs). In an attempt to deliver and maintain high tumor site concentrations of MET and TPT, a novel ion pairing-assisted loading procedure is developed using pamoic acid (PA) as an in situ trapping agent.