The Effect of Environmental Disasters on Endocrine Status, Hematology Parameters, Body Composition, and Physical Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Case Study of the Aral Sea Region.

The Aral Sea region (Uzbekistan) is infamous because of the ecological disaster characterized by the disappearance of the Aral Sea due to excessive uncontrolled water intake for agriculture needs. A new desert occurrence, soil and climate aridization led to pesticide and toxic metals environment pollution. The impact of environmental conditions in some areas of Uzbekistan on the health of soccer players is not as noticeable as, for example, the effectiveness of training, so it is not widely discussed in scientific papers.

Hemolytic Performance in Two Generations of the Sputnik Left Ventricular Assist Device: A Combined Numerical and Experimental Study.

Background: Currently, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are a successful surgical treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure on the waiting list or with contraindicated heart transplantation. In Russia, Sputnik 1 LVAD was also successfully introduced into clinical practice as a bridge-to-transplant and a destination therapy device. Development of Sputnik 2 LVAD was aimed at miniaturization to reduce invasiveness, optimize hemocompatibility, and improve versatility for patients of various sizes.

; THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR ASSESSMENT OF HAEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS BY MEANS OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE PULSE WAVEFORM ANALYSIS IN PERIPHERAL ARTERIES.

The aim of the study was elaboration of an approach for monitoring of cardiac output (CO) and systemic arterial pressure (SAP) using data obtained via measurements of the pulse waveform in peripheral arteries under steady-state and transitive conditions. CO and SAP were simultaneously recorded in common carotid and femoral arteries in narcotized (urethane, 1 mg/g) rats continuously and after infusions of sodium nitroprusside, adrenaline hydrochloride, dextran solution or acute experimental hemorrhage. Fourier analysis has been employed for estimating the generalized transfer functions (GTFs) and generalized vascular input impedance (GVI) along with individualized transfer functions (ITFs) for the states in the aftermath of infusions of vasoactive pharmacological agents, dextran solution or acute experimental hemorrhage.

Advances in Hemodynamic Analysis in Cardiovascular Diseases Investigation of Energetic Characteristics of Adult and Pediatric Sputnik Left Ventricular Assist Devices during Mock Circulation Support.

The need to simulate the operating conditions of the human body is a key factor in every study and engineering process of a bioengineering device developed for implantation. In the present paper, we describe in detail the interaction between the left ventricle (LV) and our Sputnik left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). This research aims to evaluate the influence of different rotary blood pumps (RBPs) on the LV depending on the degree of heart failure (HF), in order to investigate energetic characteristics of the LV-LVAD interaction and to estimate main parameters of left ventricular unloading.

The Progress in the Novel Pediatric Rotary Blood Pump Sputnik Development.

In this work, the study results of an implantable pediatric rotary blood pump (PRBP) are presented. They show the results of the numerical simulation of fluid flow rates in the pump. The determination method of the backflows and stagnation regions is represented.

[Systemic errors in the estimation of systemic arterial pressure via transfer functions after experimental changes of the circulating blood volume].

The results of the experimental studies reveal the decrease of vascular rigidity with the increase of systemic error of the arterial pressure values estimated via implication of transfer functions following haemorrhage modeling in rats. Compensation of the circulating blood volume by means of dextran infusion resulted in restoration of both vascular rigidity and systemic error of estimated arterial pressure. The results can be put into medical practice as an approach for testing of non-invasive methods in cardiovascular research.

[Investigation of membrane permeability of carp spermatozoa for water molecules].

The fundamentals of a photometry method for determination of membrane permeability of some fish spermatozoa for water molecules are presented. Osmotic tolerance of carp spermatozoa membranes was studied using EPR-spectroscopy and photometric analysis methods. It was shown that carp spermatozoa look like the ideal osmometers in their reaction on media of different osmolarity.

Dependence of blood pressure changes in cats during acute hypoxic hypoxia on the type of carotid sinus reflex.

The type and degree of blood pressure changes in cats were studied in acute experiments under conditions of acute hypoxic hypoxia (40% decrease in oxygen partial pressure). During hypoxia, blood pressure increased in cats with pressor type of the carotid sinus reflex and decreased in animals with depressor type of this reflex. Our results indicate that the direction and degree of hypoxic changes in blood pressure in animals coincide with variations in this parameter in response to the carotid sinus reflex.

[Characteristics of adrenergic innervation of the somatic muscles].

The aim of the present study was luminescent-histochemical study of efferent adrenergic nervous apparatus of cross-striated somatic muscles. The adrenergic innervation of human laryngeal muscles--m. thyroarytenoideus internus (m.

[Adrenergic innervation of the cerebral arteries following changes in the activity of cholinergic and monoaminergic brain systems].

Bipolar electrical nerve stimulation decreased the adrenergic innervation density and the catecholamine content in the rat isolated caudal artery. Changes in cholinesterase activity and catecholamine content in histochemically active nerves following administration of cholinesterase (AChE) inhibiting agent phosphacol, seem to reflect compensatory responses to increasing dilatory cholinergic vasomotor effects under conditions of the AChE activity. Adrenergic innervation of cerebral arteries was also studied after a 1-hr daily hypoxic sessions.

[Resistance and capacity function of blood vessels of the brain during activation of its cholinergic mechanisms].

Blood from the cat donor was perfused into the haemodynamically isolated cat brain. The changes of the vascular resistance and their capacity during the pharmacological activity of the endogenic cholinergic mechanism on the introduction of phosphacol into the bloodstream were investigated. Research has shown that the reduction of the activity of cholinergics leads to a decrease in pressure in the arteries of the brain and to an increase of the intercellular fluid absorption, caused by the neurogenic cholinergic influences.

[Reactive changes in adrenergic innervation of the cerebral arteries after activation of the cholinergic mechanisms].

Magistral arteries of the brain and pia mater have been studied in cats 24-72 h after administration of the cholinesterase inhibitor (phosphacol, 600 mcg/kg). Cholinesterase activity in blood has been checked by means of the potentiometric titration method, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) content in varicosities of the perivascular nervous fibers--cytophotometrically in preparations treated after Karnovsky--Roots histochemical method. Cholinesterase activity of blood homogenates in test animals is 42 +/- 10%, and acetylcholinesterase content in varicosities of the perivascular nervous fibers--23.

[Efferent neural apparatus of the thymus gland, spleen and lymph nodes and its reaction to electric stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic field].

At a histochemical investigation of the rabbit lymphoid organs innervation certain peculiarities on histotopography of adrenergic and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing nervous elements have been established. At a chronic experiment by means of a dosed repeated bilateral electrostimulation of the posterior hypothalamic field in the organs mentioned, inhibition of the functional activity has been noticed. It is most specific not for the AChE-containing structures, but for the adrenergic ones, localized to some extent in the parenchyma, as well as along the course of the blood vessels and their adventitium.

[The role of a neurogenic mechanism in regulating cerebral circulation].

The literature and own data on the efferent innervation of cerebral vessels, its sources and the structure of neurogenic regulation of intracranial hemodynamics, are summed up. Diverse mechanisms of the cerebral vessels' innervation involve polymodal efferent fibers and terminals associated with existence of numerous transmitters, the participation of some bulbar nuclei along with the sympathetic system in the innervation. The diversity of the controlling factors seems to be the result of an imperfection of cerebral blood supply system due to its accelerated development in the course of phylogenesis.

[Morphofunctional changes in the adrenergic innervation of the major cerebral arteries during bilateral electrostimulation of the locus coeruleus].

The intramural adrenergic nervous apparatus of cerebral arteries was studied in adult rabbits after 3-10 sessions of electrical stimulation of locus coeruleus. The activity of nerve structures was determined by estimating the density of adrenergic perivascular plexuses and by semi-quantitative cytophotometry of changes in the catecholamine content of nerve varicosities. The stimulation was followed by a 28.

[Morphofunctional restructuring of the nervous system of the lymphoid organs during electrostimulation of the hypothalamus].

The intramural nervous apparatus of rabbit lymphoid organs was examined after 15 and 30 sessions of electric stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus. The function of nerve cells was evaluated by cytophotometry according to the content of catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase (ACE) activity. In the mesenteric lymph nodes, stimulation led to a decrease in the activity of both adrenergic and ACE-containing nerve cells.

[Systemic vascular reactions to a decrease in volumetric blood flow velocity during artificial circulation].

In anesthetized cats with artificial circulation, a decrease in the systemic perfusion pressure (SPP) following reduction of the blood flow volume velocity evokes under conditions of weakly pulsating blood flow a constrictory response of neurogenic character which can be compensated for by an opposite myogenic response in conditions of pulsating blood flow. These differences only occur at a high enough initial level of the SPP. The myogenic component of regulation of the resistance vessels tonus seems to be suppressed in conditions of weakly pulsating blood flow.