Effects of islet isografts on hemodynamic and vascular filtration changes in diabetic rats.

To assess the reversibility of diabetes-induced increases in regional vascular albumin permeation and blood flow and changes in kidney filtration function, islet isografts were given via the portal vein after 2 mo of streptozocin-induced diabetes in male Lewis rats. One month later, vascular function was assessed in control rats, islet-transplanted diabetic rats, and untreated diabetic rats (6-9 rats/group). Untreated diabetic rats were markedly hyperglycemic, hyperphagic, and polyuric.

Effects of very mild versus overt diabetes on vascular haemodynamics and barrier function in rats.

Rats injected i.p. with a single dose of nicotinamide (250 mg/kg) 15 min prior to i.

[Acute pancreatitis in biliary microlithiasis: a study of the biliary sediment].

The Authors report the results of a clinical trial based on the study of the biliary sediment in cases of acute pancreatitis considered as idiopathic that, on the contrary, resulted to be correlated to a condition of biliary microlithiasis. Four cases of biliary acute pancreatitis out of 94 are reported (1979-1988) in which the diagnosis of biliary microlithiasis was possible only through the microscopic analysis of the bile, that documented a significant presence of cholesterol and/or bilirubinate crystals. It allowed a proper therapeutic approach.

Prevention of hemodynamic and vascular albumin filtration changes in diabetic rats by aldose reductase inhibitors.

This study investigated hemodynamic changes in diabetic rats and their relationship to changes in vascular albumin permeation and increased metabolism of glucose to sorbitol. The effects of 6 wk of streptozocin-induced diabetes and three structurally different inhibitors of aldose reductase were examined on 1) regional blood flow (assessed with 15-microns 85Sr-labeled microspheres) and vascular permeation by 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA) and 2) glomerular filtration rate (assessed by plasma clearance of 57Co-labeled EDTA) and urinary albumin excretion (determined by radial immunodiffusion assay). In diabetic rats, blood flow was significantly increased in ocular tissues (anterior uvea, posterior uvea, retina, and optic nerve), sciatic nerve, kidney, new granulation tissue, cecum, and brain.

Effects of hypothyroidism on vascular 125I-albumin permeation and blood flow in rats.

Effects of hypothyroidism on vascular 125I-albumin permeation and on blood flow were assessed in multiple tissues of male Sprague-Dawley rats rendered hypothyroid by dietary supplementation with 0.5% (wt/wt) 2-thiouracil or by thyroidectomy. In both thiouracil-treated and thyroidectomized rats, body weights, kidney weight, arterial blood pressure, and pulse rate were decreased significantly v age-matched controls.

The fine needle aspiration cytodiagnosis of masses in major salivary glands. Cyto-histological correlations in 65 cases.

In this study the authors report data regarding 65 cases of FNAC in major salivary glands masses, in which this method provided specific and sensitive data for the presence or absence of tumors, though in a more limited way, in order to precise the oncological type. In the routine use of the method it is possible to appreciate its high versatility and accuracy; this is a great aid in the indispensable mutual understanding between the surgeon and the pathologist. All this brings a more rational "management" of the patients, considering that the eventual surgical demolition in this region must be pondered taking also the functional, aesthetic and psychologic effects induced into account.

Prevention of human immunodeficiency virus infection: our responsibilities as health care professionals.

The prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a major responsibility of health care professionals. This paper deals with the virus itself--its history and prevalent modes of transmission. The low risk of HIV transmission in health care settings and through casual contact is emphasized.

Quantitative immunological differences between newly diagnosed Graves' disease patients and relapsed patients.

Class 2-positive T cells, T-cell and mononuclear cell subsets, thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) and immune complexes were evaluated in 34 newly diagnosed Graves' patients and in 13 relapsed patients before a cycle of specific medical treatment. Class II-positive T lymphocytes were detected by monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of class II antigens, whereas 4F2-positive cells were detected by 4F2 monoclonal antibody. 4F2-positive cells were statistically increased in newly diagnosed Graves' patients compared to relapsed patients (p less than 0.

Effects of nephrectomy and high-protein diets on glomerular hemodynamics and urinary protein excretion in diabetic rats.

Renal blood flow, GFR, albumin clearance, and urinary excretion of proteins were assessed in intact control and streptozotocin-diabetic rats (group 1), unilaterally nephrectomized control and diabetic rats (group 2), and nephrectomized control and diabetic rats (divided into high (a) and low (b) glycemia subgroups) fed a 50% protein diet (group 3). After 8 months of diabetes, blood flow did not differ from control rats within each experimental group, although it was increased significantly in both controls and diabetics of groups 2 and 3 versus group 1. GFR in control rats was increased approximately 2x by nephrectomy and approximately 3x by nephrectomy plus the high protein diet.

Nosocomial bacterial pneumonia: an overview.

Nosocomial pneumonia accounts for 10% to 20% of all nosocomial infections and represents one of the most serious complications of hospitalization. This review focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention of nosocomial pneumonia, with emphasis on infection control procedures to prevent and minimize its occurrence.

Radiation-induced long thoracic nerve palsy.

The incidence of long thoracic nerve palsy after radical mastectomy has been documented to be approximately 10%. No cases have been reported after the more recent treatment for breast cancer, lumpectomy with axillary dissection. This more recent surgical procedure is customarily followed by aggressive radiation therapy to the remaining breast tissue.

Certification: philosophy, goals, and methods, with application to the discipline of infection control practice.

The philosophy, goals, and methods of certification are complex and need to be understood in general before they can be applied to a specific practice discipline. This article is intended to provide background information about certification, summarize the history of credentialing for health occupations, and briefly describe methods for test design and construction. Philosophy, goals, methods, and preparation for certification are then applied to the discipline of infection control practice, with specific reference to the Infection Control Certification Examination, offered for the first time in November 1983 and in each subsequent year.

Hepatic transformation of prostaglandin D2 to a new prostanoid, 9 alpha,11 beta-prostaglandin F2, that inhibits platelet aggregation and constricts blood vessels.

The metabolic transformation of tritium-labeled prostaglandin D2 ([3H]PGD2) was investigated in the isolated Tyrode's-perfused rabbit liver. One major product was isolated and identified in the perfusate as a new prostanoid. The structure of this metabolite was further confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemical methods to be 9 alpha,11 beta,15-L-trihydroxyprosta-5-cis, 13-trans-dienoic acid, namely (9 alpha,11 beta-PGF2).

A national task analysis of infection control practitioners, 1982. Part Three: The relationship between hospital size and tasks performed.

One aspect of the Certification Board of Infection Control's (CBIC) task analysis survey was to determine those tasks done most frequently and considered most important by ICPs. A randomized stratified sample of ICPs was taken from U.S.

Phenolic and tyrosyl ring deiodination in thyroxine from rat retina during postnatal development.

To elucidate tetraiodothyronine (T4) metabolism in developing rat retina 5-monodeiodinating and 5'-monodeiodinating activities were studied. T4 was incubated with aliquots of homogenate or crude primary subcellular fractions, and the 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) or 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) produced were measured by radioimmunoassay. Reaction rates were dependent on incubation time, tissue amount, temperature and pH.