Influence of a wide range of calcium intakes on tissue distribution of macroelements and microelements in dairy calves.

Sixteen intact male Holstein calves averaging 86 kg and 63 d of age were assigned randomly to four treatment groups. The four treatment diets contained .17, .

Limited cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the ethics of partial codes.

The ethics of limited resuscitative efforts or partial code orders has been the subject of considerable disagreement. The customary objection to partial code orders is that they are ineffective in sustaining life and are intended to deceive the patient and/or patient's family into believing that resuscitation is possible when, in fact, the patient's death is imminent. This article suggests that the ethics and acceptability of partial code orders depend on their intent and that the motivation for partial code orders may differ substantially.

Effects of varying the amounts of dietary calcium on selenium metabolism in dairy calves.

Influence of dietary Ca on Se metabolism was studied with 16 intact male Holstein calves averaging 86 kg. Calves were assigned randomly and fed one of four diets containing, .17, .

Influence of high dietary lead on selenium metabolism in dairy calves.

Metabolism of orally dosed 75Se was studied in 10 intact male Holstein calves that were fed ad libitum a control diet containing no added Pb or supplemented with 1000 ppm Pb as PbSO4 for 4 wk. Lead-supplemented calves did not exhibit any clinical signs of Pb toxicity. Voluntary feed intake was reduced by 9.

Restraint.

The object of restraint is to limit, restrict, and keep under control the animal's movement while performing different procedures. The author discusses the importance of evaluating the horse and its owner prior to employing any type of restraint, various concepts of restraint, and examples of situations in which restraint may be required.

An in vitro demonstration of oestrogenicity with potential for exploitation as a quantitative assay for oestrogenic potency.

The pre-implantation embryo of the mouse undergoes a histochemically detectable change in the properties of its trophoblastic cell-surface coat in the immediate pre-implantation period. This change is oestrogen-dependent in vivo and can be induced in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner by oestradiol-17 beta. There is evidence that this coat change is of functional importance in the process of implantation, and its demonstration is of potential value as the basis of an in vitro assay of oestrogenicity.

Starr-Edwards aortic prosthesis: a 20-year retrospective study.

Over the years the Starr Edwards prosthesis has demonstrated a high durability and improved survival in patients with severe aortic stenosis or insufficiency. While the ideal valve prosthesis is not yet available, the Starr-Edwards valve in most instances demonstrates an adequate hemodynamic performance, does not degenerate throughout the human life span, is biocompatible, and is inserted reliably without requiring unique technical dexterity. Despite occasional valve-related complications with early models, beneficial effects of valve replacement are clearly seen in patients with a reversible myocardial dysfunction, a lower level New York Heart Association functional class (II to III), and who survive the early postoperative period and the first year.

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. II. Electrophysiology of the photoreceptors during retinal pigment epithelial disease.

We performed electrophysiologic studies of photoreceptor function in three patients with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. During the acute stage, while the visual acuity was impaired, the electroretinogram (ERG) a-wave and the early receptor potential (ERP) amplitudes were profoundly decreased. The ERP regeneration times, determined for one subject, were prolonged.

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. I. Clinical findings.

We examined 11 young patients with unilateral ocular findings that included multiple white dots at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or the deep retina, vitreal cells, RPE granularity in the macula, reduced visual acuity, electroretinogram (ERG) and early receptor potential (ERP) amplitudes, and fluorescein leakage from disc capillaries and late staining of the RPE. Recovery of visual function included a dramatic improvement in ERG and ERP amplitudes over several weeks. The etiology of this syndrome remains uncertain; there is no definite evidence of systemic involvement.

Atropine and mepenzolate mydriasis in rabbits: a comparative pupillographic analysis of two antimuscarinic agents.

The mydriatic effects of mepenzolate, a quarternary antimuscarinic agent, has been investigated and compared with those of atropine by pupillographic analysis in rabbits. The time-response curve for the onset of action for the agents (half-time, ca.5 min) was the same for the two agents despite the difference in structures.

The anti-implantation action of tamoxifen in mice.

The process of implantation of the blastocyst in utero in the mouse is normally triggered by oestradiol-17 beta. It can, however, be prevented by the drug tamoxifen whose actions in other species are classified as anti-oestrogenic, but which the mouse is held to be a weak oestrogen. Results are presented which support the claim that the anti-implantation action of tamoxifen is dose dependent, oestrogenicity dominating at high doses and anti-oestrogenicity being of major importance at lower doses.

Collagen degradation in an experimental inflammatory lesion: studies on the role of the macrophage.

Collagen degradation was investigated in experimental inflammatory lesions made by implanting fluorescein-collagen sponges into sensitised rats for four days, before transferring them into culture medium. The breakdown of the collagenous structure in vitro by invading cells was inhibited by steroids and related anti-inflammatory drugs whereas non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were without effect. Inhibitors of the lysosomal proteinases were variably effective with chloroquine giving total inhibition, leupeptin and TLCK partial inhibition and aurothioglucose showing no effect.

Isolation, synthesis, and pharmacology of metabolites of 1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidone.

The metabolism of 1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidone, an antianxiety/antidepressant agent, in dogs is reported. Two metabolites, 3-[1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1-ureido]propanoic acid and 1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)uracil, were isolated, characterized, and synthesized. Neither metabolite was acutely toxic, and they did not exhibit antidepressant or antianxiety/anticonvulsant activity.

Calcium, sequestering agents and nystatin--interactions on cell wall morphology and fungistasis of Candida albicans.

The addition of nystatin to Candida albicans causes deep depressions in the cell walls and prevents budding. Sodium fluoride and EDTA cause similar depressions in the cell walls but do not reduce budding as much as nystatin.

Potassium toxicity and acid-base balance from large oral doses of potassium to young calves.

Potassium chloride and sodium chloride were infused into the reticulorumen of male Holstein calves, approximately 6 mo of age and 260 kg, at .29, .58, 1.

Progression of aortic stenosis.

We assessed progressive stenosis of the aortic valve in 11 adult patients (mean age of 48 years) with aortic stenosis who had undergone two cardiac catheterizations without intervening aortic valve surgery. The mean time between cardiac catheterization was 59 months (range 20 to 133). No patients had mitral valve disease.

Sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography in the assessment of valve calcification in mitral stenosis.

Eighty-seven patients (64 females and 23 males) with mitral stenosis were studied by M-mode echocardiography to assess the sensitivity and the specificity of the echocardiographic technique in the identification of valve calcification. The mitral valves were examined at operation, and the amounts of calcium were graded as heavy, light, or absent. We compared this with the amount of calcification assessed by radiographic, previously accepted echocardiographic, and newly derived echocardiographic criteria.

The induction of germ tubes in Candida albicans by an intrinsic factor.

The formation of germ tubes in Candida albicans can be initiated by variations in the growth medium and in other environmental factors. Cell-to-cell interaction can also be an essential factor in cell morphogenesis. The crowding together of blastopores of some strains of C.

Effects of feeding high magnesium to young dairy calves.

Holstein bull calves were fed 1, 2, and 4% supplemental magnesium as magnesium oxide. The control diet contained .3% magnesium and consisted of ground corn, soybean meal, cottonseed hulls plus mineral, vitamin, and antibiotic supplements.