Tunable luminescence and electrical properties of cerium doped strontium aluminate (SrAlO:Ce) phosphors for white LED applications.

In new research growth long after glow material is a potential candidate due to its physical properties, chemical stability and wide application in modern solid-state lightning (LED), display devices, dosimetry and sensors. A cerium doped strontium aluminate phosphor (SrAlO:Ce) was synthesized by conventional solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure and morphology of phosphors, while doping rare earth metal and lithium metal ion was investigated by using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy.

Peripapillary and macular microvasculature features of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Purpose: The hallmark of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is vascular compromise to the anterior optic nerve and thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and secondary degeneration of the retinal ganglion cell body or thinning of the ganglion cell complex (GCC). This study investigates optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT Angiography (OCTA) changes in chronic NAION and identifies imaging biomarkers that best predict disease.

Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study of 24 chronic NAION eyes (18 patients) and 70 control eyes (45 patients) to compare both whole-eye and regional OCT, OCTA, static perimetry measurements.

Inhibition of and from MRSA and ESBL strains of diabetic foot infection by screening antibiotics compound library: an analysis.

A computational approach was exploited towards new molecule designing to target the inhibition of resistant genes and in MRSA and ESBL strains cultured from diabetic foot infected patients. The bioinformatic analysis involves the prediction of protein structures for and employing the Prime module of Schrodinger. The interactions were examined with the control antibiotics using the modelled protein structures, which revealed that Cefixime and Amikacin showed the highest binding affinity with and , respectively.

Multicolor Imaging of Optic Disc Drusen.

Optic disc drusen (ODD) are calcified deposits at the anterior optic nerve that are often detectable by ophthalmic imaging, including optical coherence tomography and fundus autofluorescence imaging. Multicolor (MC) imaging is a novel modality that captures reflectance of blue, green, and near-infrared laser lights with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy to rapidly acquire high-resolution reflectance images of the optic disc and retina. Here, we show an eye with 3 MC imaging features of ODD, including prominent green hyperreflectance of the optic disc, green sheathing of the papillary and peripapillary vasculature (arterioles > venules), and presence of orange superficial ODD.

Stroke services in Africa: What is there and what is needed.

Background: Over the past few years, the incidence and prevalence of stroke has been rising in most African countries and has been reported as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. To study this problem, we need to realize the quality and availability of stroke care services as a priori to improve them.

Methods And Results: In this study, we investigated the availability of different stroke-related services in 17 countries from different African regions.

Radiation retinopathy intricacies and advances in management.

Background: Radiation retinopathy is a chronic, progressive, vision-threatening complication from exposure to various radiation sources. While several treatment modalities are available, proper management for this disease is a continuing challenge with no consensus on the most efficacious.

Objective: The aim of this article is to provide an updated review of the published literature on the course of the disease, available treatments and their efficacies, frequency of regimen, core issues in patient management, and additional newer treatment modalities, including possible prophylactic approaches.

Human Leukocyte Antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) genotypes and haplotypes and their association with phenotype in patients with celiac disease in India.

Background And Aim: Human Leukocyte Antigen DQ (HLA-DQ) genotypes play a permissive role in the genesis of celiac disease (CeD). In this case-control study, we used next-generation sequencing to determine HLA-DQA1 and ~DQB1 genotypes and haplotypes associated with CeD in Indian patients.

Methods: HLA-DQA1 and ~DQB1 loci were amplified, using long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR), from DNA of 259 patients with symptomatic CeD (160 typical and 99 atypical), 45 asymptomatic CeD, 96 potential CeD, and 300 healthy adults.

25 vs. 27-gauge micro-incision vitrectomy surgery for visually significant macular membranes and full-thickness macular holes: a retrospective study.

Background: To evaluate visual and safety outcomes for 25-gauge (25G) and 27-gauge (27G) micro-incision vitrectomy platforms (MIVS) for the treatment of epiretinal membrane and full-thickness macular holes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel surgery from January 2017 through December 2018. 207 cases met the eligibility criteria for inclusion.

Pathogenesis and Prevention of Worsening Axial Elongation in Pathological Myopia.

Purpose: This review discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of myopia, prevention of disease progression and worsening axial elongation, and emerging myopia treatment modalities.

Introduction: Pediatric myopia is a public health concern that impacts young children worldwide and is associated with numerous future ocular diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, retinal detachment and other chorioretinal abnormalities. While the exact mechanism of myopia of the human eye remains obscure, several studies have reported on the role of environmental and genetic factors in the disease development.

Double-Needle Yamane Repositioning of a Previous Yamane Fixation.

We describe a case of anteriorly dislocated, Yamane-fixated secondary intraocular lens (IOLs) with pigmentary dispersion syndrome. The patient presented with significant visual impairment and elevated intraocular pressure despite being maximally treated with all topical antihypertensive medications. The iris-IOL touch was confirmed by ultrasound biomicroscopy, and fundus examination revealed evidence of pigment granules on the optic disc.

A phase 2 randomized controlled trial of oral resistant starch supplements in the prevention of acute radiation proctitis in patients treated for cervical cancer.

Background: Radiation induced proctitis is frequently encountered during the radiation therapy of cervical and prostate cancers that causes pain and occasionally with bleeding and may affect the continuity of radiation therapy.

Aims And Objectives: The purpose of the study is to look at the benefit of administration of an oral prebiotic amylase resistant starch in reducing the incidence of acute radiation proctitis, a distressing symptom in patients receiving radiation therapy for cancer of the cervix.

Material And Methods: The study was conducted between 2011 and 2014 in 104 patients receiving radical chemo-radiotherapy for carcinoma cervix.

Maxillary Zoster and Neurotrophic Keratitis following Trigeminal Block.

Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is commonly used to describe viral reactivation from the trigeminal ganglia with ocular involvement. The ophthalmic branch is the most commonly involved, whereas the maxillary and mandibular dermatomes are less commonly affected. Neurotrophic ulcer may occur secondary to intentional or inadvertent damage to the trigeminal nucleus, root, ganglion, or any segment of the ophthalmic branch of this cranial nerve.

Prevalence and factors associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease in southern India: A community-based study.

Background And Aim: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common worldwide with significant expenditure for health care. Community-based data on the prevalence of GERD in India remains scarce. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of GERD and to identify potential associations.

Expression of Metallothionein after Administration of Aspirin, Vitamin C or Zinc Supplement in the DMH Induced Colon Carcinoma in Rat.

Background: Chemoprevention refers to the use of specificnatural or synthetic chemical agents to suppress the development and progression to carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of aspirin, vitamin C or zinc on the metallothionein (MT) mRNA gene expression as well as MT protein content byimmunohistochemistry andradioimmunoassay (RIA) in 1, 2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) induced cancerous colonic tissuein rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into three groups, group 1 (aspirin), group 2 (vitamin C) group 3 (zinc), each of which was further sub divided into two groups and given subcutaneous injections of DMH (30 mg/kg body weight) twice a week for 3 months and sacrificed at either 4 months (A-precancer model) or at 6 months (B-cancer model).

Appraisal of Biofilm Formation in Diabetic Foot Infections by Comparing Phenotypic Methods With the Ultrastructural Analysis.

Diabetic patients are more prone to the development of foot ulcers, because their underlying tissues are exposed to colonization by various pathogenic organisms. Hence, biofilm formation plays a vital role in disease progression by antibiotic resistance to the pathogen found in foot infections. The present study has demonstrated the correlation of biofilm assay with the clinical characteristics of diabetic foot infection.

Sequential testing with different tissue transglutaminase antibodies, a new approach for diagnosis of celiac disease.

Background: The diagnosis of celiac disease (CeD) in clinical practice relies on serological testing for IgA antibodies to human tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) which diagnose CeD autoimmunity. We compared three kits for their performance in diagnosis of the disease and evaluated the point prevalence of CeD autoimmunity in a South Indian urban population.

Methods: In the first part of the study, sera from 90 patients with documented CeD and 92 healthy controls were tested for anti-tTG using three different kits.

Faecal microbiota of healthy adults in south India: Comparison of a tribal & a rural population.

Background & Objectives: The relevance of the gut microbiota to human health is increasingly appreciated. The objective of this study was to compare the gut microbiota of a group of adult tribals with that of healthy adult villagers in Tamil Nadu, India.

Methods: Faeces were collected from 10 healthy tribal adults (TAs) in the Jawadhi hills and from 10 healthy villagers [rural adults (RAs)] in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu.

Association of ATG16L1 gene haplotype with inflammatory bowel disease in Indians.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by multigenic inheritance. Defects in autophagy related genes are considered to show genetic heterogeneity between populations. We evaluated the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the autophagy related 16 like 1 (ATG16L1) gene with IBD in Indians.

Expression of metallothionein in dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic precancerous and cancerous model in rat.

Aim: Metallothionein (MT) is a small protein with a high affinity for divalent heavy metals and has a function in zinc homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to assess the MT mRNA gene expression as well as the MT protein content by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced precancerous and cancerous colonic tissue in rats.

Materials And Methods: Six-week-old rats were given subcutaneous injections of DMH twice a week for 3 months and sacrificed at 4 months (precancerous model) and 6 months (cancerous model).

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles through green approach using Dioscorea alata and their characterization on antibacterial activities and optical limiting behavior.

In this work, we have successfully synthesized highly biocompatible and functionalized Dioscorea alata (D. alata) mediated silver nanoparticles with different quantities of its extract for the evaluation of proficient bactericidal activity and optical limiting behavior. The crystalline nature of the synthesized silver nanoparticles was confirmed by powder X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis and furthermore confirmed from SAED pattern of HRTEM Analysis.

Is the main lacrimal gland indispensable? Contributions of the corneal and conjunctival epithelia.

The ocular surface system is responsible for ensuring that the precorneal tear film is sufficient in both quality and quantity to preserve optimal vision. Tear secretion is a complex, multifactorial process, and dysfunction of any component of the ocular surface system can result in tear film instability and hyperosmolarity with resultant dry eye disease. The tear film is primarily composed of lipids, aqueous, and mucins, with aqueous accounting for most of its thickness.

Prevalence of Adult Celiac Disease in India: Regional Variations and Associations.

Objectives: Although celiac disease (CeD) affects 1% of people in the northern part of India, it is believed to be uncommon in the southern and northeastern parts because of significant differences in dietary pattern and ethnicity. We estimated the prevalence of CeD in these three populations. In a subset, we also investigated differences in the prevalence of HLA-DQ 2/8 allelotype and dietary grain consumption.

Alterations of mucosal microbiota in the colon of patients with inflammatory bowel disease revealed by real time polymerase chain reaction amplification of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid.

Background & Objectives: Alterations in microbial communities closely associated with the intestinal mucosa are likely to be important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We examined the abundance of specific microbial populations in colonic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD) and controls using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) amplification of 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA).

Methods: RNA was extracted from colonic mucosal biopsies of patients with UC (32), CD (28) and patients undergoing screening colonoscopy (controls), and subjected to RT-qPCR using primers targeted at 16S rRNA sequences specific to selected microbial populations.