Relationships between mesopic visual sensitivity and macular inner and outer retinal layer thickness in healthy younger, middle-aged and older adults.

Purpose: To examine relationships between mesopic visual sensitivity measurements on microperimetry and macular inner and outer retinal layer (IRL and ORL) thicknesses in healthy younger, middle-aged and older subjects.

Methods: In total, 154 healthy adults were divided into three age groups each with similar mean sensitivity. Regional retinal sensitivity (determined by mesopic fundus-controlled microperimetry) and IRL (ganglion cell-related layer) and ORL thicknesses were measured in the five subfields: central fovea (1 mm diameter) and the quadrants temporal, nasal, superior and inferior of a parafoveal ring of outer diameter 3 mm and inner diameter 1 mm.

Relationship Between Flicker Modulation Sensitivity and Retinal Ganglion Cell Related Layer Thicknesses.

Purpose: Early detection of structural changes in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and corresponding changes in visual function is important in early degenerative diseases of the retina, but the sensitivity of both measurements is limited by the inherent variability in healthy subjects. This study investigates the relationships between RGC-related layer thicknesses and foveal and parafoveal flicker modulation sensitivity (FMS) across photopic and mesopic light levels in healthy subjects.

Methods: Photopic and mesopic FMS was measured in 56 young adults, at the point of fixation and at an eccentricity of 5 degrees, in each of the four quadrants.

Beyond visual acuity: Patient-relevant assessment measures of visual function in retinal diseases.

Purpose: To identify (PROs) and other clinical outcome measures (contrast sensitivity (CS), low-luminance visual acuity (LLVA) and reading acuity or reading speed (RA-RS)), relevant to patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or diabetic retinopathy (DR), which would be recommended for use in clinical practice.

Methods: The , based on the synthesis of the scientific evidence and the collective judgment of an expert panel using the two-round Delphi method, was applied. The evidence synthesis was performed by searching for articles on outcome measures for AMD and/or DR published between 2005 and 2018 in English or Spanish.

Association between central retinal thickness and low luminance visual acuity in early age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose/aim: To examine whether central retinal thickness (CRT) is related to mesopic visual acuity (VA) and low luminance deficit (LLD, difference between photopic and mesopic VA) in eyes with early and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Materials And Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 50 pseudophakic subjects older than 63 years were divided into three groups (no AMD, early AMD and intermediate AMD). Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure CRT in the 1 mm-central-area.

Abdominal obesity linked to a longer cone-mediated dark-adaptation recovery time in healthy eyes.

Obesity has been associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and with tissue hypoxia. Human Bruch's membrane (BrM) lipid deposits have been proposed to create a diffusion barrier to metabolic exchange between the choroid and photoreceptors, delaying the regeneration of photopigments. The speed of retinal dark adaptation (DA) is dependent on the regeneration of these photopigments.

Macular Inner Retinal Layer Thickness in Relation to Photopic and Mesopic Contrast Sensitivity in Healthy Young and Older Subjects.

Purpose: To examine relationships between the thicknesses of ganglion cell (GC)-related macular layers and central photopic or mesopic contrast sensitivity (CS) in healthy eyes.

Methods: Measurements were made in 38 young and 38 older healthy individuals. Total, inner, and outer retinal layer (IRL) thicknesses were measured in the macula region through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) across three subfields, or rings, centered at the fovea: central foveal, pericentral, and peripheral.

Macular Thickness and Mesopic Visual Acuity in Healthy Older Subjects.

Unlabelled: Purpose/Aim: Impaired mesopic visual acuity (VA) is a risk factor for incident early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) This study examines relationships between macular thickness measurements and photopic or mesopic VA in healthy eyes.

Materials And Methods: In 38 young and 39 older healthy individuals, total, inner, and outer retinal layer (IRL and ORL) thicknesses were measured in the macula region through spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Measurements were made across three subfields centered at the fovea: central foveal, pericentral, and peripheral.

Symptoms associated with reading from a smartphone in conditions of light and dark.

Asthenopia symptoms were investigated in visually-normal subjects without computer-related vision symptoms after prolonged reading from: smartphone versus hardcopy under photopic conditions, and smartphone in conditions of ambient versus dark room illumination. After reading from the smartphone, total symptom scores and nine out of ten questionnaire symptoms were significantly worse than for the hardcopy ("blurred vision while viewing the text, "blurred distance vision after the task", "difficulty in refocusing from one distance to another", "irritated or burning eyes", "dry eyes", "eyestrain", "tired eyes", "sensitivity to bright lights" and "eye discomfort"). Mean total symptom scores and scores for "irritated or burning eyes" and "dry eyes" were significantly higher for the dark versus photopic conditions.

Effects of Light Scatter and Blur on Low-Contrast Vision and Disk Halo Size.

Purpose: To investigate the individual effects of forward light scatter (FLS) and refractive blur on low-contrast vision and the size of the disk halo produced in response to an external glare source.

Methods: Monocular disk halo radius, high- and low-contrast distance visual acuity (HCVA, LCVA), and contrast sensitivity (CS) were determined in 25 eyes of 25 healthy subjects under normal, FLS, and blur conditions. FLS was induced using the filter Black ProMist 2 to simulate an early cataract.

Forward light scatter and visual acuity before and after intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation at different stages of keratoconus.

Purpose: To assess forward light scatter (stray light) before and after intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation at different stages of keratoconus and to examine correlation between postoperative stray light and visual acuity (VA).

Methods: In 27 eyes of 27 subjects with keratoconus, stray light was determined using the compensation comparison technique before and 6 months after ICRS implantation. Monocular corrected distance VA (CDVA) was measured using a high-contrast logMAR letter chart.

Disk halo size measured in individuals with monofocal versus diffractive multifocal intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To compare disk halo size in response to a glare source in eyes with an aspheric apodized diffractive multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) or aspheric monofocal IOL.

Setting: Rementeria Ophthalmological Clinic, Madrid, Spain.

Design: Prospective randomized masked study.

Capacity of straylight and disk halo size to diagnose cataract.

Purpose: To examine the capacity of straylight and disk halo size to diagnose cataract.

Setting: Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.

Design: Prospective study.

Repeatability of mesopic visual acuity measurements using high- and low-contrast ETDRS letter charts.

Purpose: To determine the repeatability of mesopic high-contrast (HC) and low-contrast (LC) visual acuity (VA) measurements made at distance and near in healthy young individuals. While the repeatability of photopic VA is well-known, there is a lack of information with regard to the repeatability of VA measured under low luminance conditions.

Methods: In two different sessions 1 week apart, best-corrected monocular VA was determined using HC (96 %) and LC (10 %) ETDRS charts under mesopic luminance conditions (0.

Soft contact lens fitting after intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation to treat keratoconus.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of fitting a lathed soft toric contact lens (STCL) after the implant of intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRSs) to treat keratoconus.

Methods: Six months after ICRS implantation, 47 eyes of 47 patients (18-45 years) were fitted with a STCL. In each eye, we determined refractive error, uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and keratometry and asphericity measures.

Rapid method for assessing rod function using recovery of spatial contrast thresholds following a bleach.

Poor vision in low light is a common complaint of elderly people. This poorly understood phenomenon is likely to involve both receptoral and post receptoral mechanisms. We investigated the recovery of contrast thresholds for sine-wave gratings of low spatial frequencies and low mean luminance as a function of time in darkness after photo pigment bleaching.

Relationship between halo size and forward light scatter.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between the size of a halo induced by a glare source and forward scatter or visual acuity (VA) in healthy eyes.

Method: Measurements were made in the right eyes of 51 healthy individuals of mean age 29.3 ± 7.

Normal values for the size of a halo produced by a glare source.

Purpose: To determine the size of a halo in the visual field induced by bright light in healthy eyes of all ages using the Vision Monitor (MonCv3; Metrovision, Pérenchies, France) and to assess the repeatability of the method.

Methods: Measurements were made in the right eyes of 147 healthy subjects (mean age: 48.2 ± 16.

Relationship between macular pigment and visual acuity in eyes with early age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Today the extent to which MP impacts visual function in early AMD remains unclear. This study examines the relationship between macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and high-contrast visual acuity (HC-VA) and low-contrast visual acuity (LC-VA) in eyes with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Measurements were made in 22 subjects with early AMD and 27 healthy control subjects.

Changes in visual function under mesopic and photopic conditions after intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation for different stages of keratoconus.

Purpose: To analyze and compare the changes in visual function under mesopic and photopic conditions in different stages of keratoconus before and after Keraring intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation.

Setting: Clinico San Carlos Hospital and Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.

Design: Case series.

Impaired mesopic visual acuity in eyes with early age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To determine photopic and mesopic distance high-contrast visual acuity (HC-VA) and low-contrast visual acuity (LC-VA) in eyes with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: Measurements were made in 22 subjects with early AMD and 28 healthy control subjects. Inclusion criteria included a photopic HC-VA of 20/25 or better.

Effects of wearing yellow spectacles on visual skills, reading speed, and visual symptoms in children with reading difficulties.

Background: Possible beneficial effects of yellow-tinted spectacle lenses on binocular vision, accommodation, oculomotor scanning, reading speed and visual symptoms were assessed in children with reading difficulties.

Methods: A longitudinal prospective study was performed in 82 non-dyslexic children with reading difficulties in grades 3-6 (aged 9-11 years) from 11 elementary schools in Madrid (Spain). The children were randomly assigned to two groups: a treatment (n = 46) and a without-treatment group (n = 36).

Binocular function in school children with reading difficulties.

Introduction: Prior findings suggest that poor readers tend to have poor binocular vision skills, but data on the binocular abilities of children with poor reading skills are lacking. Our aim was to characterize distance and near horizontal heterophoria, distance and near horizontal fusional vergence ranges, accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio, near point of convergence, and stereopsis in poor-reading school-age children without dyslexia selected from a non-clinical population.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 87 poor readers and 32 control children (all 8-13 years of age) in grades three to six recruited from eleven elementary schools in Madrid, Spain.

Relationship between oculomotor scanning determined by the DEM test and a contextual reading test in schoolchildren with reading difficulties.

Background: The relationship between oculomotor scanning and reading in poor readers of primary school age is not well known. This study was designed to assess this relationship by determining mean Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test times and reading speeds in a Spanish non-clinical population of children with poor reading skills but without dyslexia.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 81 poor readers (8-11 years of age) in the third to fifth grades recruited from 11 elementary schools in Madrid, Spain.

Accommodative function in school children with reading difficulties.

Background: Prior findings suggest correlation between reading problems and accommodative function, but few studies have assessed accommodation in children with poor reading skills. Our aim was to characterize monocular accommodative amplitude, relative accommodation and binocular accommodative facility in a population of healthy, non-dyslexic primary school children with reading difficulties.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 87 poor readers and 32 control children (all between 8 and 13 years of age) in grades three to six recruited from 11 elementary schools in Madrid, Spain.

Effect of driver distraction and low alcohol concentrations on useful field of view and frequency-doubling technology perimetry.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of a mental psychometric task that simulates the distraction effect of a hands-free mobile phone and of low alcohol concentrations (0.3-0.5 g/l) on two tests: the useful field of view (UFOV) and frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry.