Chinese expert consensus on imaging diagnosis of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the major infectious diseases in the world with a high incidence rate. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a key and difficult challenge in the prevention and treatment of TB. Early, rapid, and accurate diagnosis of DR-TB is essential for selecting appropriate and personalized treatment and is an important means of reducing disease transmission and mortality.

Differences in pulmonary nodular consolidation and pulmonary cavity among drug-sensitive, rifampicin-resistant and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients: the Guangzhou computerized tomography study.

Background: Pulmonary nodular consolidation (PN) and pulmonary cavity (PC) may represent the two most promising imaging signs in differentiating multidrug-resistant (MDR)-pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) from drug-sensitive (DS)-PTB. However, there have been concerns that literature described radiological feature differences between DS-PTB and MDR-PTB were confounded by that MDR-PTB cases tend to have a longer history. This study seeks to further clarify this point.

The sensitivity and specificity of F-FDG PET/CT in spinal leptomeningeal metastases: the synergistic effect of the F-FDG PET-CT to gadolinium-enhanced MRI.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastases (LM); however, some sub-centimeter lesions may be missed. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has a high sensitivity and may play a synergistic role with MRI in diagnosing spinal LM (SLM). We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the detection of SLM with F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (F-FDG PET/CT) compared to that of whole spinal cord MRI in a single center.

Annotations of Lung Abnormalities in Shenzhen Chest X-ray Dataset for Computer-Aided Screening of Pulmonary Diseases.

Developments in deep learning techniques have led to significant advances in automated abnormality detection in radiological images and paved the way for their potential use in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. However, the development of CAD systems for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis is hampered by the lack of training data that is of good visual and diagnostic quality, of sufficient size, variety, and, where relevant, containing fine region annotations. This study presents a collection of annotations/segmentations of pulmonary radiological manifestations that are consistent with TB in the publicly available and widely used Shenzhen chest X-ray (CXR) dataset made available by the U.

Role of F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Background: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory myeloid neoplasm that can involve multisystem organs. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has been widely used in tumor staging and efficacy evaluation. However, at present, there are few F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT studies on LCH.

Updates on F-FDG-PET/CT as a clinical tool for tuberculosis evaluation and therapeutic monitoring.

Tuberculosis (TB) is currently the world's leading cause of infectious mortality. The complex immune response of the human body to () results in a wide array of clinical manifestations, thus the clinical and radiological diagnosis can be challenging. F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-FDG-PET) scan with/without computed tomography (CT) component images the whole body and provides a metabolic map of the infection, enabling clinicians to assess the disease burden.

Correlation between 18F-FDG PET CT SUV and symptomatic or asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective: To explore the difference of 18F-FDG PET/CT images between the symptomatic and asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis, as well as the correlation between the standard uptake value (SUV) and the symptomatic/asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: A study dataset of 57 pulmonary tuberculosis cases was retrospectively assembled and analyzed. Among these cases, 30 were diagnosed having symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis and 27 were asymptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis.

Dependence of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion MR threshold b-value selection for separating perfusion and diffusion compartments and liver fibrosis diagnostic performance.

Background: Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) tissue parameters depend on the threshold b-value.

Purpose: To explore how threshold b-value impacts PF ( f), D ( D), and D ( D*) values and their performance for liver fibrosis detection.

Material And Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers and 33 hepatitis B patients were included.

A Combined Use of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion MRI Parameters Can Differentiate Early-Stage Hepatitis-b Fibrotic Livers from Healthy Livers.

This study investigated a combined use of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters, Dslow ( D), PF ( f), and Dfast ( D*), for liver fibrosis evaluation. Sixteen healthy volunteers (F0) and 33 hepatitis-b patients (stage F1 = 15, stage F2-4 = 18) were included. With a 1.

Bi-phase age-related brain gray matter magnetic resonance T1ρ relaxation time change in adults.

Objectives: To investigate normative value and age-related change of brain magnetic resonance T1ρ relaxation at 1.5T.

Methods: This study was approved by the local ethical committee with participants' written consent obtained.

Opportunities and Challenges of Fluorescent Carbon Dots in Translational Optical Imaging.

The fluorescent carbon dot (C-dot) is a new class of carbon nanomaterials. It has a discrete or quasispherical structure, typically measures less than 10 nm and contains sp(2)/sp(3) carbon, oxygen/nitrogen-based groups and surface-modified functional groups. Compared with semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), C-dots offer much lower toxicity and a better biocompatibility profile.

Imaging manifestations and pathological analysis of severe pneumonia caused by human infected avian influenza (H7N9).

Objective: To investigate the imaging and pathological findings of severe pneumonia caused by human infected avian influenza (H7N9), and therefore to further understand and improve diagnostic accuracy of severe pneumonia caused by human infected avian influenza (H7N9).

Methods: The relevant clinical and imaging data of 19 cases, including 10 males and 9 females, with pneumonia caused by human infected avian influenza (H7N9) was retrospectively analyzed. One of the cases had received percutaneous lung biopsy, with the clinical, imaging and pathological changes possible to be analyzed.

Two public chest X-ray datasets for computer-aided screening of pulmonary diseases.

The U.S. National Library of Medicine has made two datasets of postero-anterior (PA) chest radiographs available to foster research in computer-aided diagnosis of pulmonary diseases with a special focus on pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).

Decreases in molecular diffusion, perfusion fraction and perfusion-related diffusion in fibrotic livers: a prospective clinical intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging study.

Purpose: This study was aimed to determine whether pure molecular-based diffusion coefficient (D) and perfusion-related diffusion parameters (perfusion fraction f, perfusion-related diffusion coefficient D*) differ in healthy livers and fibrotic livers through intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) MR imaging.

Material And Methods: 17 healthy volunteers and 34 patients with histopathologically confirmed liver fibrosis patients (stage 1 = 14, stage 2 = 8, stage 3 & 4 = 12, METAVIR grading) were included. Liver MR imaging was performed at 1.

Hepatic angiosarcoma with multiple metastases in a young man.

Hepatic angiosarcoma, also called Kupffer's sarcoma, is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial cells, represents less than two percent of all primary liver neoplasm. Hepatic angiosarcoma is an infrequent and difficult-to-diagnose disease, mostly discovered by chance. Because of its rapid progression and usually fatal outcome, early diagnosis is necessary and complete surgical resection is the key to improve prognosis, but the neoplasm is often disseminated at the time of diagnosis, making resection impossible.

Primary intraosseous Kaposi's sarcoma of the maxilla in AIDS: a case report.

In China, Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is very rare. However, KS does occur as one of the complications in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Usually AIDS-related KS involves the lymph nodes, the skin and gastrointestinal tract.

Further exploration of MRI techniques for liver T1rho quantification.

With biliary duct ligation and CCl4 induced rat liver fibrosis models, recent studies showed that MR T1rho imaging is able to detect liver fibrosis, and the degree of fibrosis is correlated with the degree of elevation of the T1rho measurements, suggesting liver T1rho quantification may play an important role for liver fibrosis early detection and grading. It has also been reported it is feasible to obtain consistent liver T1rho measurement for human subjects at 3 Tesla (3 T), and preliminary clinical data suggest liver T1rho is increased in patients with cirrhosis. In these previous studies, T1rho imaging was used with the rotary-echo spin-lock pulse for T1rho preparation, and number of signal averaging (NSA) was 2.

Paving-stone CT finding in a pulmonary tuberculosis patient.

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) is a commen medical and social problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Accurate diagnosis is very important. Chest radiography is usually the first choice of diagnostic tool when there is a suspicion of pulmonary TB.

Automatic tuberculosis screening using chest radiographs.

Tuberculosis is a major health threat in many regions of the world. Opportunistic infections in immunocompromised HIV/AIDS patients and multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains have exacerbated the problem, while diagnosing tuberculosis still remains a challenge. When left undiagnosed and thus untreated, mortality rates of patients with tuberculosis are high.

CT and MR features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: an analysis of consecutive 49 cases.

Objective: To study the CT and MR features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC).

Materials And Methods: 49 patients had pathologically confirmed XGC. All patients underwent contrast enhanced CT, and 10 patients had additional plain MRI.

CT features of focal organizing pneumonia: an analysis of consecutive histopathologically confirmed 45 cases.

Objective: To study the CT characteristics of solitary focal organizing pneumonia (FOP).

Materials And Methods: Chest CT of consecutive 45 patients (34 males and 11 females, median age: 56 years) with confirmed FOP were analyzed. The CT features between large FOP (>3 cm, n=27) and small FOP (≤ 3 cm, n=18) were compared.

Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma infiltrated both lungs.

Usually Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs in the mediastinum and head and neck regions. On rare occasions, the first manifestation of Hodgkin's lymphoma may be a disorder of an extranodal site, such as the gastrointestinal tract, nasopharyngeal region, central nervous system, kidney, or other sites. Few cases of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma with pulmonary infiltration have been reported in the literature.

Correlation between imaging features of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonitis (PCP), CD(4) (+) T lymphocyte count, and plasma HIV viral load: A study in 50 consecutive AIDS patients.

Purpose: To investigate the imaging manifestations of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonitis (PCP) in AIDS patients, and the correlation between imaging features, CD(4) (+) lymphocyte count, and plasma HIV viral load.

Materials And Methods: A total of consecutive 50 AIDS patients with PCP were reviewed retrospectively. Chest CT manifestations, CD(4) (+) lymphocyte count, and plasma HIV viral load were analyzed to investigate their correlation.

Relationship between respiratory viral load and lung lesion severity: a study in 24 cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A pneumonia.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between respiratory viral load and lung lesion severity of patients with pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza A pneumonia.

Study Design: Cross-sectional observation study.

Methods: 24 consecutive H1N1 influenza patients with viral pneumonia (13 males, 11 females, mean age: 17.

Radiologic diagnosis for AIDS patients complicated with candidal esophagitis.

Background: Candidal esophagitis is the primary infection among all digestive tract opportunistic ones in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases. X-ray manifestation reports of it are still rare. This study aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis on the X-ray data of 6 AIDS cases complicated with candidal esophagitis, and to study the X-ray characteristics of it combined with the findings from gastroscopy.