Potentially Inappropriate Medication among Older Patients Who Are Frequent Users of Outpatient Services.

Aging is accompanied by changes in organ degeneration, and susceptibility to multiple diseases, leading to the frequent occurrence of adverse drug reactions resulting from polypharmacy (PP) and potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in older patients. This study employs a retrospective cohort design and investigates the association of PP with PIM among older patients with high rates of medical utilization. Using records from a national pharmaceutical care database, an experimental group is formed from patients meeting these criteria, who are then offered home pharmaceutical care.

A mechanistic study on urine retention in d-amphetamine addicts.

Chronic amphetamine intake leads to neurogenic bladder and chronic urinary retention. The mechanism underlying persistent urinary retention is unclear. The pelvic-urethral reflex (PUR) is essential for the urethra to develop sufficient resistance to maintain urine continence, an important function of the urinary system.

A Chinese herbal medicine, jia-wei-xiao-yao-san, prevents dimethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.

Jia-wei-xiao-yao-san (JWXYS) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that is widely used to treat neuropsychological disorders. Only a few of the hepatoprotective effects of JWXYS have been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of JWXYS on dimethylnitrosamine- (DMN-) induced chronic hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis in rats and to clarify the mechanism through which JWXYS exerts these effects.

Ubiquitin-proteasome system mediates heme oxygenase-1 degradation through endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway.

The present study investigated the cellular mechanism underlying the degradation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored protein. The turnover of HO-1 induced in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was significantly attenuated by proteasome inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of a proteasome-mediated pathway. High molecular weight ubiquitin conjugates were co-immunoprecipitated with HO-1 from VSMCs after proteasome inhibition, and HO-1 ubiquitination was confirmed in HEK293 cells overexpressing His-tagged HO-1 and HA-tagged ubiquitin.