Telomeres, telomerase, and cancer: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutics.

Telomeres and telomerase play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of cancer. As biomarkers, they aid in distinguishing benign from malignant tissues. Despite the promising therapeutic potential of targeting telomeres and telomerase for therapy, translating this concept from the laboratory to the clinic remains challenging.

Rare-earth oxide promoted Pd electrocatalyst for formic acid oxidation.

The development of Pd-based materials with high activity and long-term stability is crucial for their practical applications as an anode catalyst in direct formic acid fuel cells. Herein, we reveal that the catalytic activity of Pd towards formic acid oxidation can be enhanced by incorporation of a series of rare-earth oxides, including ScO, CeO, LaO, and PrO. For example, Pd nanoparticles incorporated with ScO supported on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (Pd-ScO/N-rGO-, = 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 1, and 3/2; "" denotes the molar ratio of Pd : Sc) can be obtained using a sodium borohydride reduction method.

An exploration of distinguishing subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment based on resting-state prefrontal functional connectivity assessed by functional near-infrared spectroscopy.

Purpose: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has shown feasibility in evaluating cognitive function and brain functional connectivity (FC). Therefore, this fNIRS study aimed to develop a screening method for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) based on resting-state prefrontal FC and neuropsychological tests via machine learning.

Methods: Functional connectivity data measured by fNIRS were collected from 55 normal controls (NCs), 80 SCD individuals, and 111 MCI individuals.

Cerebral tissue oxygen saturation and its potential relationship with neurodevelopmental delay in pediatric liver transplant recipients.

Objective: To discover the potential association between diminished intraoperative average SctO levels and postoperative neurodevelopmental delays among patients after pediatric living-donor liver transplantation.

Study Design: Patients undergoing living-donor liver transplantation were recruited for this trial. The neurodevelopment status of patients was assessed using the Ages Stages Questionnaires.

Current and projected incidence rates of pancreatic cancer in 43 countries: an analysis of the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database.

Objective: The aetiology of pancreatic cancer is complex, and there is limited research on its incidence. We aimed to investigate the incidence trends of pancreatic cancer in 43 countries and predict trends up to 2030.

Methods: The annual incidence of pancreatic cancer was obtained from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents database, which comprises 108 cancer registries from 43 countries.

Mechanistic Insights into Kaempferol's Therapeutic Effects on Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Proteomic and Experimental Validation in Ovariectomized Rats.

Background: Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (PMOP) is characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, leading to increased fracture risk. Current treatments often have adverse effects, necessitating safer alternatives. Kaempferol, a flavonoid identified as a key active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Yishen Gushu formula, has shown promise in improving bone health, but its mechanisms in PMOP treatment remain unclear.

Ultrafast Synthesis of Nanoscale Metal Borides for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution.

Nanoscale metal borides, with exceptional physicochemical properties, have been attracted widespread attention. However, traditional synthesis methods of metal borides often lead to surface coking and large particle sizes. Herein, we have employed a flash Joule heating (FJH) technique to enable the ultrafast synthesis of metal boride nanomaterials.

Vitrification of 3D-MSCs encapsulated in GelMA hydrogel: Improved cryosurvival, reduced cryoprotectant concentration, and enhanced wound healing.

Compared to traditional 2D-cultured mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), 3D-MSCs offer distinct advantages in disease treatment. However, large-scale culture of 3D-MSCs remains labor-intensive and time-consuming. Thus, developing cryopreservation method for 3D-MSCs is essential for clinical application.

Meta-QTL mapping for wheat thousand kernel weight.

Wheat domestication and subsequent genetic improvement have yielded cultivated species with larger seeds compared to wild ancestors. Increasing thousand kernel weight (TKW) remains a crucial goal in many wheat breeding programs. To identify genomic regions influencing TKW across diverse genetic populations, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of quantitative trait loci (MQTL), integrating 993 initial QTL from 120 independent mapping studies over recent decades.

From the microspheres to scaffolds: advances in polymer microsphere scaffolds for bone regeneration applications.

The treatment and repair of bone tissue damage and loss due to infection, tumours, and trauma are major challenges in clinical practice. Artificial bone scaffolds offer a safer, simpler, and more feasible alternative to bone transplantation, serving to fill bone defects and promote bone tissue regeneration. Ideally, these scaffolds should possess osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osseointegrative properties.

SNP loci identification and KASP marker development system for genetic diversity, population structure, and fingerprinting in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.).

Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.), an important food and industrial crop in the world, has a highly heterozygous hexaploid genome, making the development of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers challenging. Identifying SNP loci and developing practical SNP markers are crucial for genomic and genetic research on sweetpotato.

Overexpression of in Potato Enhances Tolerance to Drought Stress.

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), which are activated by transient changes in the Ca concentration in plants, are important for various biological processes, such as growth, development, defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, and others. Mannitol is commonly used as an osmotic regulatory substance in culture medium or nutrient solutions to create water-deficit conditions. Here, we cloned the potato ( L.

Enhancing accuracy and interpretability of multi-steps water demand prediction through prior knowledge integration in neural network architecture.

In the field of water supply management, multi-steps water demand forecasting plays a crucial role. While there have been many studies related to multi-steps water demand forecasting based on deep learning, little attention has been paid to the interpretability of forecasting models. Aiming to improve both the forecasting accuracy and interpretability of the model, a novel urban water demand forecasting neural network (UWDFNet) was presented in this paper.

Intervention measures to improve the filter life of continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients-A systematic review.

Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is a method of blood purification, which is widely used in the treatment of critical diseases as a means of multiple organ function protection and life support therapy. However, because of the serious condition of ICU (intensive care unit) patients, CRRT needs to be carried out continuously, but the treatment is interrupted ahead of time as a result of various conditions, which not only affects the treatment effect but also increases the patient cost.

Aims: To evaluate intervention measures to improve the filter life of CRRT in critically ill patients, and also to identify which interventions are considered 'promising interventions'.

Smad1 Promotes Tumorigenicity and Chemoresistance of Glioblastoma by Sequestering p300 From p53.

Acetylation is critically required for p53 activation, though it remains poorly understood how p53 acetylation is regulated in glioblastoma (GBM). This study reveals that p53 acetylation is a favorable prognostic marker for GBM, regardless of p53 status, and that Smad1, a key negative regulator of p53 acetylation, is involved in this process. Smad1 forms a complex with p53 and p300, inhibiting p300's interaction with p53 and leading to reduced p53 acetylation and increased Smad1 acetylation in GBM.

Research progress on animal models of peritoneal adhesion.

Peritoneal adhesion is a common complication of abdominal and pelvic surgery that can cause various clinical symptoms, including abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, and female infertility, significantly impacting patient quality of life. Animal models of peritoneal adhesion are important tools for studying the mechanisms of adhesion formation and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and treatment. Various methods for constructing animal models of peritoneal adhesion include physical injury, chemical injury, ischemia, infection, foreign body stimulation, and simulated surgery; however, none can fully simulate peritoneal adhesion in patients clinically.

Durable and biocompatible low adhesion wound dressing material based on interfacial behaviors for wound management.

Wound-dressing adhesion is a problem that has not been effectively addressed in the field of wound care for bleeding or burn wounds. Design of low adhesion wound dressing materials by leveraging interfacial behaviors has been an effective solution to this problem. However, previously reported superhydrophobic low adhesion materials either had durability or biocompatibility issue.

Real-Time TDDFT Using Noncollinear Functionals.

Recently, we proposed a method to generalize collinear functionals to noncollinear functionals, called multicollinear approach, which has been applied in density functional theory (DFT) and linear-response time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) for the ground state and excited states calculations, respectively. In this work, we demonstrate the application of this method in real-time TDDFT by simulating electronic absorption spectra, Rabi resonance, and precession of a two-magnetic center system. Thanks to the nonvanishing local exchange-correlation torque provided by multicollinear functionals, research into the torques in the evolution of magnetization vector is carried out, which is useful for the exploration on spin dynamics.

Comparative Analysis of Nutrients, Phytochemicals, and Minerals in Colored Sweet Potato ( L.) Roots.

Sweet potato ( (L.) is regarded among the most crucial crops globally because it is abundant in essential nutrients vital for human health. However, limited comprehensive information is available regarding the nutritional composition of sweet potato, which hinders its optimal utilization.

Oxysophocarpine Prevents the Glutamate-Induced Apoptosis of HT-22 Cells via the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.

Oxysophocarpine (OSC), a quinolizidine alkaloid, shows neuroprotective potential, though its mechanisms are unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of OSC through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/ heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway using the HT-22 cell line. Assessments of cell viability were conducted utilizing the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.

Vitamin D can mitigate sepsis-associated neurodegeneration by inhibiting exogenous histone-induced pyroptosis and ferroptosis: Implications for brain protection and cognitive preservation.

Background: Sepsis-induced neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction remain critical challenges worldwide. Vitamin D was reported to reduce neuronal injury and neurotoxicity and its deficiency was associated with neurocognitive disorders. This study investigates the mechanisms by which vitamin D exerts neuroprotective potential against damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), specifically extracellular histones, in sepsis-related brain dysfunction.

D-mannose reduces oxidative stress, inhibits inflammation, and increases treg cell proportions in mice with ulcerative colitis.

Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells is required to dampen immune responses against intestinal microbiota, which aid in a healthy body to promise that the resident gut microbiota should not attract the attention of the immune system. Inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be induced if the immune system fails to ignore the resident gut microbiota and targets them instead. D-mannose, a common monosaccharide in nature, has been shown to ameliorate multiple autoimmune diseases.

Soil Microbiota Modulates Root Transcriptome With Divergent Effect on Maize Growth Under Low and High Phosphorus Inputs.

Plant growth can be promoted by beneficial microorganisms, or inhibited by detrimental ones. Although the interaction process between a single microbial species and its host has been extensively studied, the growth and transcriptional response of the host to soil microbiota is poorly understood. We planted maize in natural or sterile soil collected from a long-term experimental site with two different soil phosphate (P) regimes.