Pyroptosis: Induction and inhibition strategies for immunotherapy of diseases.

Cell death is a central process for organismal health. Pyroptosis, namely pyroptotic cell death, is recognized as a critical type that disrupts membrane and triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion gasdermins, providing a robust form of cytolysis. Meanwhile, along with the thorough research, a great deal of evidence has demonstrated the dual effects of pyroptosis in host defense and inflammatory diseases.

Assembly and activation of EBV latent membrane protein 1.

Latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is the primary oncoprotein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and plays versatile roles in the EBV life cycle and pathogenesis. Despite decades of extensive research, the molecular basis for LMP1 folding, assembly, and activation remains unclear. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of LMP1 in two unexpected assemblies: a symmetric homodimer and a higher-order filamentous oligomer.

Serine enrichment in tumors promotes regulatory T cell accumulation through sphinganine-mediated regulation of c-Fos.

CD4 regulatory T (T) cells accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and suppress the immune system. Whether and how metabolite availability in the TME influences T cell differentiation is not understood. Here, we measured 630 metabolites in the TME and found that serine and palmitic acid, substrates required for the synthesis of sphingolipids, were enriched.

Conservation genomics analysis reveals recent population decline and possible causes in bumblebee Bombus opulentus.

Bumblebees are a genus of pollinators (Bombus) that play important roles in natural ecosystem and agricultural production. Several bumblebee species have been recorded as under population decline, and the proportion of species experiencing population decline within subgenus Thoracobombus is higher than average. Bombus opulentus is 1 species in Thoracobombus, but little is known about its recent population dynamics.

The Progressive Utilization of Ponkan Peel Residue for Regulating Human Gut Microbiota through Sequential Extraction and Modification of Its Dietary Fibers.

As a by-product of citrus processing, ponkan ( Blanco, cv. Ponkan) peel residue is a source of high quality dietary fiber (DF). To make a full utilization of this resource and give a better understanding on the probiotic function of its DF, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) were extracted from ponkan peel residue (after flavonoids were extracted) using an alkaline method, followed by modifications using a composite physical-enzymatic treatment.

Phase separation in cGAS-STING signaling.

Biomolecular condensates formed by phase separation are widespread and play critical roles in many physiological and pathological processes. cGAS-STING signaling functions to detect aberrant DNA signals to initiate anti-infection defense and antitumor immunity. At the same time, cGAS-STING signaling must be carefully regulated to maintain immune homeostasis.

Primary intracranial lymphomas-incidence and survival: a population-based study.

Biopsy is recommended for patients with primary intracranial lymphoma to confirm the diagnosis, but the effect of tumor resection is still controversial. We conducted this retrospective study to better understand the epidemiology of primary intracranial lymphoma in the USA and explore the relationship between surgical resection and prognosis. Data regarding primary intracranial lymphoma, including incidence, were extracted from the SEER database.

Synchronous stabilization of Pb, Zn, Cd, and As in lead smelting slag by industrial solid waste.

In order to prevent heavy metal (HM) pollution from lead smelting slag (LSS) to the surrounding environment, this work investigated the feasibility, influencing factors, and mechanisms of using industrial solid waste such as fly ash (FA), oil sludge pyrolysis residue (PR), and steel slag (SS) as remediation amendments. The results demonstrated that the stabilization process was influenced by the material dosage, water content, and LSS particle size. Compared to single materials, the combination amendment PR2FA1 (with a mass ratio of PR to FA as 2:1) exhibited the best stabilization effect, simultaneously reducing the leaching concentrations of As, Zn, Cd, and Pb in LSS to 0.

Study on the color-changing mechanism and law of visual formaldehyde sensing system based on hyperbranched polyamines.

This study focuses on addressing the limitations associated with most chemical derivatization methods commonly used for formaldehyde detection. These methods often suffer from prolonged derivative times (≥30 min) and complex procedures, which hinder their ability to meet the requirements of real-time and accurate sensing. In this research, a novel formaldehyde indicator system based on hyperbranched polyamine molecule was developed, and its mechanism and principles of color change were investigated.

QTL Mapping for Adult-Plant Resistance to Leaf Rust in Italian Wheat Cultivar Libellula.

Wheat leaf rust (), which is caused by Eriks. (), is one of the most important wheat diseases affecting wheat production globally. Using resistant wheat cultivars is the most economical and environmentally friendly way to control leaf rust.

Lactate modulates iron metabolism by binding soluble adenylyl cyclase.

Overproduction of lactate (LA) can occur during exercise and in many diseases such as cancers. Individuals with hyperlactatemia often display anemia, decreased serum iron, and elevated hepcidin, a key regulator of iron metabolism. However, it is unknown whether and how LA regulates hepcidin expression.

GxcM-Fbp17/RacC-WASP signaling regulates polarized cortex assembly in migrating cells via Arp2/3.

The actin-rich cortex plays a fundamental role in many cellular processes. Its architecture and molecular composition vary across cell types and physiological states. The full complement of actin assembly factors driving cortex formation and how their activities are spatiotemporally regulated remain to be fully elucidated.

Molecular basis of RADAR anti-phage supramolecular assemblies.

Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing has been proposed to be involved in a bacterial anti-phage defense system called RADAR. RADAR contains an adenosine triphosphatase (RdrA) and an adenosine deaminase (RdrB). Here, we report cryo-EM structures of RdrA, RdrB, and currently identified RdrA-RdrB complexes in the presence or absence of RNA and ATP.

Hypoglycemic effect of the Phellinus baumii extract with α-glucosidase-inhibited activity and its modulation to gut microbiota in diabetic patients.

Phellinus baumii extract (PBE) possesses considerable α-glucosidase-inhibited activity. This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect in vitro and in vivo using a glucose consumption assay in HepG2 cells, intragastric administration for ten weeks in STZ-induced mice, and intestinal flora fermentation in patients with type 2 diabetes to reveal the possible underlying mechanisms. PBE was prepared, including α-glucosidase-inhibited ethanol extract (EE) and aqueous extract (AE).

Molecular insights into DNA recognition and methylation by non-canonical type I restriction-modification systems.

Type I restriction-modification systems help establish the prokaryotic DNA methylation landscape and provide protection against invasive DNA. In addition to classical m6A modifications, non-canonical type I enzymes catalyze both m6A and m4C using alternative DNA-modification subunits M1 and M2. Here, we report the crystal structures of the non-canonical PacII_M1M2S methyltransferase bound to target DNA and reaction product S-adenosylhomocysteine in a closed clamp-like conformation.

Recognition of cyclic dinucleotides and folates by human SLC19A1.

Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are ubiquitous signalling molecules in all domains of life. Mammalian cells produce one CDN, 2'3'-cGAMP, through cyclic GMP-AMP synthase after detecting cytosolic DNA signals. 2'3'-cGAMP, as well as bacterial and synthetic CDN analogues, can act as second messengers to activate stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and elicit broad downstream responses.

Liquid-liquid phase separation mediates the formation of herpesvirus assembly compartments.

Virus assembly, which takes place during the late stage of viral replication, is essential for virus propagation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, especially for viruses with complicated structures. Here, we use correlative light and electron microscopy to examine the formation of cytoplasmic virion assembly compartments (cVACs) during infection by a γ-herpesvirus.

The E3 ubiquitin ligase ARIH1 promotes antiviral immunity and autoimmunity by inducing mono-ISGylation and oligomerization of cGAS.

The cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) plays a critical role in antiviral immunity and autoimmunity. The activity and stability of cGAS are fine-tuned by post-translational modifications. Here, we show that ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (ARIH1) catalyzes the mono-ISGylation and induces the oligomerization of cGAS, thereby promoting antiviral immunity and autoimmunity.

An Investigation into the Adsorption Mechanism of Organic Anions on a New Spandex.

In recent years, there has been significant interest in the study of spandex in high-elasticity sensors. As a new kind of special spandex, dyeable spandex shows strong adsorption capacity for anions. In this study, neutral red G was used as an anion adsorption simulator to study the adsorption mechanism of dyeable spandex on anionic materials.

Improvement of Astragalin on Spermatogenesis in Oligoasthenozoospermia Mouse Induced by Cyclophosphamide.

More than 40% of infertile men are diagnosed with oligoasthenozoospermia and the incidence is still rising, but the effective treatments are not been found until now. Astragalin, one of the main active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine, may be effective in the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia. This study investigated the pharmacological effects of astragalin for treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia in male mice, induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX).

Phase separation drives RNA virus-induced activation of the NLRP6 inflammasome.

NLRP6 is important in host defense by inducing functional outcomes including inflammasome activation and interferon production. Here, we show that NLRP6 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) upon interaction with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in vitro and in cells, and an intrinsically disordered poly-lysine sequence (K350-354) of NLRP6 is important for multivalent interactions, phase separation, and inflammasome activation. Nlrp6-deficient or Nlrp6 mutant mice show reduced inflammasome activation upon mouse hepatitis virus or rotavirus infection, and in steady state stimulated by intestinal microbiota, implicating NLRP6 LLPS in anti-microbial immunity.

: Autophagy Tweaks the Interplay Between Glioma and the Tumor Immune Microenvironment.

Though significant strides in tumorigenic comprehension and therapy modality have been witnessed over the past decades, glioma remains one of the most common and malignant brain tumors characterized by recurrence, dismal prognosis, and therapy resistance. Immunotherapy advance holds promise in glioma recently. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy varies among individuals with glioma, which drives researchers to consider the modest levels of immunity in the central nervous system, as well as the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME).

Exploring the Regulatory Mechanism of Modified Huanglian Maidong Decoction on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Biological Network Based on Systematic Pharmacology.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of modified Huanglian Maidong decoction (Maidong-Sanqi-Huanglian Compounds, MSHCs) intervention in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Method: This study used PubChem and SciFinder to collect the molecular structure of MSHCs, used PharmMapper to predict the potential targets of MSHC, and combined them with the T2DM gene to construct MSHC-T2DM protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The plugin MCODE in Cytoscape 3.