Electrical Conductivity of Subsurface Ocean Analogue Solutions from Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Investigating the habitability of ocean worlds is a priority of current and future NASA missions. The mission will conduct approximately 50 flybys of Jupiter's moon Europa, returning a detailed portrait of its interior from the synthesis of data from its instrument suite. The magnetometer on board has the capability of decoupling Europa's induced magnetic field to high precision, and when these data are inverted, the electrical conductivity profile from the electrically conducting subsurface salty ocean may be constrained.

Non-linear evaluation of respiratory mechanics during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background/aims: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is accompanied by significant increase of the respiratory system elastic and resistive properties. These changes are completely abolished after peritoneal deflation. In the present study we examine the volume and flow dependence of respiratory mechanics during four operation phases.

Early phase changes by concurrent endurance and strength training.

To compare regimens of concurrent strength and endurance training, 26 male basketball players were matched for stature, body composition, and physical activity level. Subjects completed different training programs for 7 weeks, 4 days per week. Groups were as follows: (a) the strength group (S; n = 7) did strength training; (b) the endurance group (E; n = 7) did endurance training; (c) the strength and endurance group (S + E; n = 7) combined strength and endurance training; and (d) the control group (C; n = 5) had no training.

Volume and flow dependence of respiratory mechanics in mechanically ventilated COPD patients.

Volume and flow dependencies of respiratory mechanics are examined in 10 COPD patients under mechanical ventilation (MV) at 3 levels of externally applied PEEP (PEEPe). Airways pressure (Paw), flow (V') and volume (V) data are analyzed according to (1) the linear and (2) a non-linear model, accounting for volume dependence of elastance and for flow and volume dependence of resistance. The models' fitness to data is assessed by the regression errors.

Evaluation of the end-expiratory pressure by multiple linear regression and Fourier analysis in humans.

This study was designed to compare the end-expiratory pressure (EEP) during mechanical ventilation (MV) measured dynamically (EEPdyn), by multiple linear regression (MLR) of the airway pressure (Pao) vs volume (V) and flow (V') and after Fourier analysis (FA) of the Pao and V'. Pao and V' were recorded from 32 ICU patients (II without respiratory disease, 10 COPD, II ARDS) under MV, at three levels of PEEPe (0, 5 and 10 hPa). Volume was calculated by numerical integration of V'.

Respiratory system mechanics during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

The influence of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) on the mechanical properties of the respiratory system (RS) was examined using multiple regression analysis (MRA). Measurements of airway pressure (PaO) and flow (V') were obtained from 32 patients at four distinct stages of the LC procedure: 1) Immediately before the application of pneumoperitoneum (PP) at supine position, 2) 5 min after the induction of PP at Trendelenburg position, 3) 5 min after the patients position at reverse Trendelenburg, and 4) 5 min after the end ofthe surgical procedure with the patient again in supine position. Evaluated parameters were the RS elastance (Ers), resistance (Rrs), impedance (Zrs), the angle theta indicating the balance between the elastic and resistive components of the impedance, as well as the end-expiratory elastic recoil pressure (EEP).

Linear and nonlinear analysis of pressure and flow during mechanical ventilation.

Objective: Linear modeling as a method of exploring respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation, was compared to nonlinear modeling for flow dependence of resistance in three distinct groups of patients, those with: (a) normal respiratory function (NRF), (b) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or (c) adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Design And Patients: Airways opening pressure (Pao), flow (V'), and volume (V) signals were recorded in 32 ICU mechanically ventilated patients, under sedation and muscle relaxation (10 NRF, 11 COPD, 11 ARDS). All patients were ventilated with controlled mandatory ventilation mode at three levels of end-expiratory pressure (PEEPe): 0, 5, and 10 hPa.