Automated hearing loss type classification based on pure tone audiometry data.

Hearing problems are commonly diagnosed with the use of tonal audiometry, which measures a patient's hearing threshold in both air and bone conduction at various frequencies. Results of audiometry tests, usually represented graphically in the form of an audiogram, need to be interpreted by a professional audiologist in order to determine the exact type of hearing loss and administer proper treatment. However, the small number of professionals in the field can severely delay proper diagnosis.

Efficacy and Safety of Intranasal Betahistine in the Treatment of Surgery-Induced Acute Vestibular Syndrome: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Study.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of AM-125 nasal spray (intranasal betahistine) in the treatment of surgery-induced acute vestibular syndrome (AVS).

Study Design: Prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled exploratory phase 2 study with dose escalation (part A) followed by parallel dose testing (part B); open-label oral treatment for reference.

Setting: Twelve European study sites (tertiary referral centers).

Numerical analysis of the ostiomeatal complex aeration using the CFD method.

We aimed to analyse ostiomeatal complex (OMC) aeration using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method of simulation based on human craniofacial computed tomography (CT) scans. The analysis was based on CT images of 2 patients: one with normal nose anatomy and one with nasal septal deviation (NSD). The Reynolds-Average Simulation approach and turbulence model based on linear eddy viscosity supplemented with the two-equation k-[Formula: see text] SST model were used for the CFD simulation.

Cardiovascular testing of seasickness in healthy volunteers on life rafts.

Objectives: The role of the cardiovascular system in the development of seasickness remains uncertain.

Material And Methods: Overall, 18 healthy students (10 males and 8 females) aged 18-24 years volunteered in the project, spending 2-7 h on life rafts. The cardiovascular system was examined with impedance cardiography.

Influence of the pre- or postlingual status of cochlear implant recipients on behavioural T/C-levels.

Introduction: Previous auditory experience modifies the sensitivity of the auditory cortex to the afferent activity of the auditory pathways and may influence the threshold (T) and comfort (C) levels in patients receiving a cochlear implant (CI). Literature data on this particular topic is very scarce.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in T/C-levels between pre- and postlingually implanted cochlear implant patients.

Körner's septum (petrosquamosal lamina): the anatomical variant or clinical problem?

Körner's septum (KS) or petrosquamosal lamina is a bony lamina beginning at the articular fossa, extending above the middle ear, and running inferiorly and laterally to the facial nerve canal as it proceeds to the mastoid apex. This septum marks the junction of petrous and squamous bones. The paper presents details of the anatomical structure of KS, which is most often present at the level of the head of the malleus and/or the anterior semicircular canal.

Influence of stimulus presentation rate on intraoperative ECAP thresholds in cochlear implant users.

Objective: The objective is to evaluate the influence of the presentation rate on intraoperative ECAP thresholds in cochlear implant users.

Design: The design was data on the ECAP thresholds (t-NRT) as well as the behavioural T- and C-levels have been collected in CI patients of a quaternary otologic referral centre. Measurements of the tNRT thresholds were performed intraoperatively for 250 Hz and 80 Hz presentation rates and correlated to the stabilised T- and C-levels measured at the 5th fitting session, 4-6 months after surgery.

Frontal aslant tract projections to the inferior frontal gyrus.

Background: Frontal aslant tract (FAT) is a white matter bundle connecting the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) with the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the anatomical variability of FAT.

Materials And Methods: Total number of fibres and the lateralisation index (LI) were calculated.

Hearing loss in patients with extracranial complications of chronic otitis media.

Objective: A pure tone audiomety analysis of patients with extracranial complications of chronic suppurative otitis media (ECCSOM).

Material And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed audiometric data performed before treatment from 63 patients with ECCSOM (56 single, 7 multiple complications) including groups of frequencies.

Results: The greatest levels of hearing loss were noted for 6 and 8 kHz (79.

Is the Keros classification alone enough to identify patients with the 'dangerous ethmoid'? An anatomical study.

Conclusion: By means of three-dimensional display of the critical measurements, the authors suggest a novel definition of 'dangerous ethmoid'. Parallel to Keros type III, the proposed determining factors include: olfactory fossa width >6 mm, its distance to the medial nasal concha (turbinate) <20 mm and to the orbit interval of <10 mm. Clinical evaluation of these preliminary criteria based only on radiological data is required and underway.

Possibilities of spatial hearing testing in occupational medicine.

Dysfunctions of the organ of hearing are a significant limitation in the performance of occupations that require its full efficiency (vehicle driving, army, police, fire brigades, mining). Hearing impairment is associated with poorer understanding of speech and disturbed sound localization that directly affects the worker's orientation in space and his/her assessment of distance and location of other workers or, even most importantly, of dangerous machines. Testing sound location abilities is not a standard procedure, even in highly specialized audiological examining rooms.

Hypertension is associated with dysfunction of both peripheral and central auditory system.

Objectives: Arterial hypertension negatively influences the peripheral auditory system, causing sensorineural hearing loss. Much less is known about the detrimental effects of hypertension on the central auditory functions.

Methods: We tested 32 arterial hypertension patients and 32 age and sex-matched healthy volunteers with the expanded tonal audiometry (0.

Auditory spatial deficits in brainstem disorders.

Purpose: Brainstem disorders seem to negatively influence the central auditory system, causing spatial hearing deficits.

Material And Methods: We tested 11 patients with brainstem lesions due to ischemic stroke (IS), multiple sclerosis (MS), or cerebellopontine angle tumor (CPAT) together with 50 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. We used pure tone audiometry (PTAud), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and the horizontal minimum audible angle test (HMAAT) for 8 azimuths with binaural stimulation.

Auditory deficits in neurological disorders.

Neurological diseases present with diverse and often complex symptomatology. Focal neurological signs such as paresis, aphasia or visual field deficits together with often serious general state of a neurological patient usually push auditory symptoms into the background. Here, we present a review of literature on central and peripheral auditory disturbances that can appear in the course of most common neurological diseases.

Auditory Spatial Deficits in the Early Stage of Ischemic Cerebral Stroke.

Background: Clinical research, together with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging findings, proves that ischemic stroke (IS) that damages auditory pathways can cause hearing loss and impairment of higher auditory processes such as sound localization. The goal of the study was to find possible correlations between the IS risk factors, ischemic lesion volume and localization, neurologic status, and the sound localization capability in acute IS patients.

Methods: We consecutively enrolled 61 IS patients into the study.

Bilateral large vestibular aqueduct syndrome in an 11-year-old boy. Radiological and clinical findings.

Clinical observations supplemented with imaging examination show that the large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS) is a rare developmental anomaly of the inner ear, which leads to hearing loss. The authors present a case history, results of imaging examination (high resolution CT, MRI), results of hearing acuity examinations (tonal audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, brainstem auditory evoked potentials) and results of balance examinations (videonystagmography) in an 11-year-old boy suffering from deep mixed progressive hearing loss of the right ear due to head trauma. The aim of this paper is to specify the most typical clinical, radiological and anatomopathological manifestations of this pathology of the inner ear.

Hypertension and cochlear hearing loss.

This paper presents a review of experimental and clinical research on the contribution of hypertension to cochlear hearing loss. Hypertension is one of the crucial risk factors underlying pathophysiological processes taking place in the cochlea. Several mechanisms explaining these processes have been described, mainly in animal models, such as the disturbance of the inner ear potassium recycling process due to the detrimental action of natriuretic hormone, and the decrease in the cochlear oxygen partial pressure.

Anatomy and physiology of directional hearing.

The aim of the paper is to present the most important neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies concerning the phenomenon of sound localisation in space by people. The author analysed the available literature concerning this topic. The article presents different theories explaining the phenomenon of sound localisation, such as interaural differences in time, interaural differences in sound intensity, interaural and monaural differences in phase and the anatomical and physiological basis of these processes.

[Treatment results of otosclerosis regarding different types of prosthesis].

Unlabelled: Surgery is the most effective method of improving hearing in patients with otosclerosis. The level of improvement depends on the stage of the disease and the chosen surgical method.

The Aim Of This Study: is to present hearing results in patients treated surgically by means of different types of prostheses and methods of vestibule sealing.