Discriminant Function Analysis of Sleep Quality and its Determinants among General Adult Population of Ahmedabad City, Gujarat.

Background: Poor sleep quality harms the ability to think, lowers stress, and sustains a healthy immune system. The present study assessed sleep quality and its determinants in adult population using discriminant function analysis (DFA) in Ahmedabad city, Gujarat.

Objectives: The objective of the study was (1) to assess the quality of sleep using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and (2) to determine various parameters affecting sleep quality using DFA.

Ketamine-induced affective switch in a patient with treatment-resistant depression.

There is growing evidence to support the rapid, albeit short-lived antidepressant effect of subanesthetic dose of ketamine, a noncompetitive glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist in treatment-resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. Ketamine is known to cause transient mood elevation or euphoria, psychotomimetic effects, and dissociative symptoms, but its use in unipolar or bipolar depression has not been reported to induce an affective switch amounting to persistent or prolonged hypomania/mania or manic-like syndrome. We report the case of a 52-year-old male with first episode, continuous, nonpsychotic, treatment-resistant, unipolar major depression of 10 years duration, who manifested a switch from depression to mania while being treated with subanesthetic dose of ketamine, given intramuscularly.