Sex differences in the relation of visceral adipose tissue accumulation to total body fatness.

The associations between the amount of abdominal adipose tissue (AT) measured by computed tomography (CT) or estimated with predictive equations and the amount of total body fat were compared in samples of 89 men and 75 women. After correction for total body fat mass, men had significantly higher values of visceral AT volume (P < 0.0001) and also higher abdominal visceral AT areas, measured by CT or estimated by predictive equations than women (P < 0.

Metabolic heterogeneity associated with high plasma triglyceride or low HDL cholesterol levels in men.

To further understand the factors involved in the regulation of high plasma triglyceride (TG) or low plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, three groups of male subjects (normal TG with low HDL-C levels, high TG with normal HDL-C levels, and high TG with low HDL-C levels) were compared with a sample of normolipemic men with normal TG and HDL-C plasma levels. Mean age was 34 years (range, 20-42 years), and none of the subjects had plasma TG levels > 4.0 mmol/l or familial hypercholesterolemia.

Relation of abdominal obesity to hyperinsulinemia and high blood pressure in men.

The relationships between body fatness, adipose tissue distribution, plasma glucose, insulin levels, lipoprotein levels, and resting blood pressure were studied in 81 men aged 36.0 +/- 3.3 years (mean +/- s.

Increased resting metabolic rate and lipid oxidation in exercise-trained individuals: evidence for a role of beta-adrenergic stimulation.

This study investigated the contribution of beta-adrenergic stimulation to the increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and lipid oxidation observed in exercise-trained individuals. Nine trained and eight sedentary men were subjected to two testing sessions, during which these variables were measured before and for 3 h after the oral administration of propranolol or placebo. As expected, RMR and lipid oxidation were significantly higher in the trained subjects before the administration of propranolol and throughout the placebo test in comparison with sedentary controls.

Heterogeneous glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to oral glucose in non-diabetic men: interactions between duration of obesity, body fat distribution and family history of diabetes mellitus.

The interaction between environmental and genetic factors in the alterations of glucose-insulin homeostasis was studied in 104 non-diabetic men. Family history of diabetes mellitus was used as an index of genetic predisposition to diabetes. Body composition was measured by underwater weighing whereas subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue areas were measured at the abdominal and femoral levels by computed tomography.

Visceral obesity in men. Associations with glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and lipoprotein levels.

The relations of regional adipose tissue (AT) distribution measured by computed tomography (CT) to plasma insulin-glucose homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid levels were studied in 58 obese and 29 lean control men. In the group of obese men, the visceral AT area measured by CT was positively correlated with fasting plasma triglyceride and insulin levels and with glucose and insulin areas under the curves measured during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Visceral AT area was also negatively associated with plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and HDL2 cholesterol levels.

A study of some potential correlates of the hypotensive effects of prolonged submaximal exercise in normotensive men.

This study was undertaken (1) to examine the relation of plasma catecholamine and insulin levels to the blood pressure response during and after submaximal exercise, (2) to verify whether the blood pressure response to an epinephrine infusion is associated with the blood pressure response to a prolonged submaximal exercise, and (3) to study some potential correlates of the hypotensive effect of prolonged aerobic exercise. Nine normotensive young men (mean age 22.0 +/- 1.

Regional variation in adipose tissue lipolysis in lean and obese men.

Biopsies of adipose tissue were obtained from two subcutaneous regions (abdominal and femoral) in a sample of 54 men (32 obese and 22 lean subjects). Clonidine-induced antilipolysis in femoral adipose cells was similar in both groups, whereas subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes of obese individuals showed a higher alpha 2-adrenergic response than did subcutaneous abdominal adipose cells from lean subjects. In addition, epinephrine had a biphasic effect in subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes from obese individuals, as it induced antilipolysis at low concentrations, and a net lipolytic response at higher doses.

Operative monitoring of parathyroid gland hyperfunction.

With a 20-year experience of more than 700 parathyroidectomies, our persistent hypercalcemic postoperative failure rate of 7% has remained constant. Reasons for failure have been misdiagnosis or inability of the surgeon to detect and excise all hypersecreting glands. We have modified a commercially available immunoradiometric assay for intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in a 15-minute turnaround time.

Estimation of deep abdominal adipose-tissue accumulation from simple anthropometric measurements in men.

Equations have been developed for the prediction of deep abdominal adipose-tissue (AT) accumulation from anthropometric measurements in a sample of 110 men. An equation including the waist circumference and age could predict 74% of the variance in the amount of deep abdominal AT with an SEE of 29.6 cm2 (29.

An experiment to evaluate carbon monoxide absorption by hockey players in ice skating rinks.

Carbon monoxide (CO) released from the exhaust of ice resurfacing machinery is frequently found in indoor ice skating rinks. We conducted a study with 14 male adult non-smokers unexposed occupationally, who played hockey games in 4 different atmospheric CO concentrations. To document absorption, we measured their alveolar CO (alvCO).

Carbon monoxide in indoor ice skating rinks: evaluation of absorption by adult hockey players.

We evaluated alveolar carbon monoxide (CO) levels of 122 male, adult hockey players active in recreational leagues of the Quebec City region (Canada), before and after 10 weekly 90-minute games in 10 different rinks. We also determined exposure by quantifying the average CO level in the rink during the games. Other variables documented included age, pulmonary function, aerobic capacity, and smoking status.

Sensitivity of maximal aerobic power to training is genotype-dependent.

Ten pairs of monozygotic twins of both sexes were submitted to a 20-wk endurance-training program, four and five times per week, 40 min per session, at an average of 80% of the maximal heart rate reserve. Testing and training were performed on cycle ergometers. Maximal aerobic power (MAP in ml O2 X min-1 X kg-1) and ventilatory aerobic (VAT) and anaerobic (VANT) thresholds (ml O2 X min-1 X kg-1) were measured before and after the training program, as well as during the 7th and 14th week to adjust training to changes in maximal heart rate.

A test of aerobic capacity: description and reliability.

The purposes of this study were 1) to describe a maximal aerobic capacity (MAC) test and 2) to report on its reliability. Thirty subjects (16 males and 14 females) were tested for maximal aerobic power (MAP) with a progressive bicycle ergometer test and the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VANT) was determined. MAC was measured as the amount of work that could be performed in 90 min on a bicycle ergometer at an intensity set individually from VANT.

Adaptive changes to training in adipose tissue lipolysis are genotype dependent.

In order to study the effects of heredity and of physical training on adipose tissue morphology and metabolism, 15 pairs of monozygotic twins (MZ) (six males and nine females), aged from 16 to 24 years, weighing 56.2 +/- 9.1 kg and with 13.

Flow cytometric analysis of RNA content in different cell populations using pyronin Y and methyl green.

Pyronin Y (PY) was used, in flow cytometric (FCM) systems, to estimate the RNA content per cell in formalin fixed EL4 leukosis tumor cells, enzyme dispersed R3327-G rat prostatic adenocarcinoma cells, mouse spleen cells stimulated with concanavalin A, and human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Preincubation of the cells with methyl green (MG) blocked PY binding to DNA such that the intracellular fluorescence from MG-PY was due primarily to its binding to RNA. Treatment of the cells with ribonuclease resulted in a 3- to 5-fold reduction in the fluorescence intensity of intracellular MG-PY.

High resolution proton magnetic resonance spectral characteristics of water, lipid, and protein signals from three mouse cell populations.

The high resolution proton magnetic resonance spectral properties of three C57BL/6J mouse cell populations (EL4 ascites tumor cells, normal spleen leukocytes, and normal erythrocytes) were investigated. Packed cell pellets were investigated at 100 MHz and 13.56 MHz.