Comparison of Plasma p-tau217 and [F]FDG-PET for Identifying Alzheimer Disease in People With Early-Onset or Atypical Dementia.

Background And Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance of an immunoassay for plasma concentrations of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 217 with visual assessments of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose [F]FDG-PET in individuals who meet appropriate use criteria for Alzheimer dementia (AD) biomarker assessments.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of individuals with early-onset (age <65 years at onset) and/or atypical dementia (features other than memory at onset), who were evaluated at a tertiary care memory clinic. All participants underwent measurements of CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, p-tau181, and total tau levels), as well as [F]FDG-PET scans, amyloid-PET scans, and plasma p-tau217 quantifications.

Head-to-Head Comparison of Tau and Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography Visual Reads for Differential Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders: An International, Multicenter Study.

Objective: We compared the accuracy of amyloid and [F]Flortaucipir (FTP) tau positron emission tomography (PET) visual reads for distinguishing patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia with fluid biomarker support of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: Participants with FTP-PET, amyloid-PET, and diagnosis of dementia-AD (n = 102), MCI-AD (n = 41), non-AD diseases (n = 76), and controls (n = 20) were included. AD status was determined independent of PET by cerebrospinal fluid or plasma biomarkers.

The impacts of fine-tuning, phylogenetic distance, and sample size on big-data bioacoustics.

Vocalizations in animals, particularly birds, are critically important behaviors that influence their reproductive fitness. While recordings of bioacoustic data have been captured and stored in collections for decades, the automated extraction of data from these recordings has only recently been facilitated by artificial intelligence methods. These have yet to be evaluated with respect to accuracy of different automation strategies and features.

The Genomic Landscapes of Desert Birds Form over Multiple Time Scales.

Spatial models show that genetic differentiation between populations can be explained by factors ranging from geographic distance to environmental resistance across the landscape. However, genomes exhibit a landscape of differentiation, indicating that multiple processes may mediate divergence in different portions of the genome. We tested this idea by comparing alternative geographic predctors of differentiation in ten bird species that co-occur in Sonoran and Chihuahuan Deserts of North America.

Spatial Extent of Amyloid-β Levels and Associations With Tau-PET and Cognition.

Importance: Preventive trials of anti-amyloid agents might preferably recruit persons showing earliest biologically relevant β-amyloid (Aβ) binding on positron emission tomography (PET).

Objective: To investigate the timing at which Aβ-PET binding starts showing associations with other markers of Alzheimer disease.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This longitudinal multicentric cohort study included 3 independent cohorts: Presymptomatic Evaluation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer Disease (PREVENT-AD) (data collected from 2012-2020), Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) (data collected from 2005-2019), and Harvard Aging Brain Study (HABS) (data collected from 2011-2019).

Phylogenomic Analysis of the Parrots of the World Distinguishes Artifactual from Biological Sources of Gene Tree Discordance.

Gene tree discordance is expected in phylogenomic trees and biological processes are often invoked to explain it. However, heterogeneous levels of phylogenetic signal among individuals within data sets may cause artifactual sources of topological discordance. We examined how the information content in tips and subclades impacts topological discordance in the parrots (Order: Psittaciformes), a diverse and highly threatened clade of nearly 400 species.

Association of Elevated Amyloid and Tau Positron Emission Tomography Signal With Near-Term Development of Alzheimer Disease Symptoms in Older Adults Without Cognitive Impairment.

Importance: National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) workgroups have proposed biological research criteria intended to identify individuals with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD).

Objective: To assess the clinical value of these biological criteria to identify older individuals without cognitive impairment who are at near-term risk of developing symptomatic AD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This longitudinal cohort study used data from 4 independent population-based cohorts (PREVENT-AD, HABS, AIBL, and Knight ADRC) collected between 2003 and 2021.

Unveiling the Ir single atoms as selective active species for the partial hydrogenation of butadiene by XAS.

Single-atom catalysts represent an intense topic of research due to their interesting catalytic properties for a wide range of reactions. Clarifying the nature of the active sites of single-atom catalysts under realistic working conditions is of paramount importance for the design of performant materials. We have prepared an Ir single-atom catalyst supported on a nitrogen-rich carbon substrate that has proven to exhibit substantial activity toward the hydrogenation of butadiene with nearly 100% selectivity to butenes even at full conversion.

Abnormal tau in amyloid PET negative individuals.

We examined the characteristics of individuals with biomarker evidence of tauopathy but without β-amyloid (Aβ) (A-T+) in relation to individuals with (A+T+) and without (A-T-) evidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We included 561 participants with Aβ and tau PET from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We compared A-T- (n = 316), A-T+ (n = 63), and A+T+ (n = 182) individuals on demographics, amyloid, tau, hippocampal volumes, and cognition.

Evaluation of [F]-JNJ-64326067-AAA tau PET tracer in humans.

The [F]-JNJ-64326067-AAA ([F]-JNJ-067) tau tracer was evaluated in healthy older controls (HCs), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) participants. Seventeen subjects (4 HCs, 5 MCIs, 5 ADs, and 3 PSPs) received a [C]-PIB amyloid PET scan, and a tau [F]-JNJ-067 PET scan 0-90 minutes post-injection. Only MCIs and ADs were amyloid positive.

Molecular diet analysis of neotropical bats based on fecal DNA metabarcoding.

Bat communities in the Neotropics are some of the most speciose assemblages of mammals on Earth, with regions supporting more than 100 sympatric species with diverse feeding ecologies. Because bats are small, nocturnal, and volant, it is difficult to directly observe their feeding habits, which has resulted in their classification into broadly defined dietary guilds (e.g.

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis on F-FDG PET: Frequency across neurodegenerative syndromes and association with C-PIB and F-Flortaucipir.

We used F-FDG-PET to investigate the frequency of crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) in 197 patients with various syndromes associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In a subset of 117 patients, we studied relationships between CCD and cortical asymmetry of Alzheimer's pathology (β-amyloid (C-PIB) and tau (F-Flortaucipir)). PET images were processed using MRIs to derive parametric SUVR images and define regions of interest.

Site Occupancy Determination in ThZn- and TbCu-types SmFeCo Compounds using Synchrotron Resonant Diffraction.

SmFe compounds are high-performance permanent magnets. Cobalt substitution allows us to further improve their magnetic properties. Depending on the thermal treatment, cobalt-substituted compounds can be synthesized either in the TbCu (disordered) or in the ThZn (ordered) structure type.

Comparing ATN-T designation by tau PET visual reads, tau PET quantification, and CSF PTau181 across three cohorts.

Purpose: To compare rates of tau biomarker positivity (T-status) per the 2018 Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Research Framework derived from [F]flortaucipir (FTP) PET visual assessment, FTP quantification, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) phosphorylated Tau-181 (PTau181).

Methods: We included 351 subjects with varying clinical diagnoses from three cohorts with available FTP PET and CSF PTau181 within 18 months. T-status was derived from (1) FTP visual assessment by two blinded raters; (2) FTP standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) quantification from a temporal meta-ROI (threshold: SUVR ≥1.

Symptomatic amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in an APOE ε4/ε4 patient treated with aducanumab.

Introduction: Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA) are a common, dose-dependent effect of amyloid-targeting antibodies, strongly associated with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele.

Methods: We describe the clinical course and management of a 66-year-old white male (APOE ε4/ε4) enrolled in an observational study that included amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET), who received aducanumab through the ENGAGE clinical trial.

Results: Acute symptoms included headache and encephalopathy, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed ARIA-E and ARIA-H.

Longer Duration of Palliative Care in Patients With COPD Is Associated With Death Outside the Hospital.

Patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a significant symptom burden despite maximal medical therapy, yet few are referred for concomitant palliative care. To evaluate the utilization and impact of palliative care on the location of death and to identify clinical variables associated with palliative care contact. Retrospective chart review from 2010 to 2016 at the VA Western New York Healthcare System using ICD-9/10 diagnosis of COPD.

Bacterial regulation of macrophage bacterial recognition receptors in COPD are differentially modified by budesonide and fluticasone propionate.

Rationale: Patients with COPD have an increased risk for community-acquired pneumonia, which is further increased by inhaled corticosteroids.

Objective: To assess effects of the corticosteroids, budesonide and fluticasone propionate, on macrophage bacterial responses in COPD.

Methods: Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) generated from blood monocytes from 10 non-smoker controls (NoS), 20 smokers without COPD (Sm), and 40 subjects with moderate to severe COPD (21 ex-smokers (COPD-ES) and 19 current smokers (COPD-S)) were pre-treated with budesonide or fluticasone (10 nM-1 μM) and challenged with live non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) or Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP).

Genomic divergence in allopatric Northern Cardinals of the North American warm deserts is linked to behavioral differentiation.

Biogeographic barriers are considered important in initiating speciation through geographic isolation, but they rarely indiscriminately and completely reduce gene flow across entire communities. Explicitly demonstrating which factors are associated with gene-flow levels across barriers would help elucidate how speciation is initiated and isolation maintained. Here, we investigated the association of behavioral isolation on population differentiation in Northern Cardinals ) distributed across the Cochise Filter Barrier, a region of transitional habitat which separates the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts of North America.

Six months two years of oral anticoagulation after a first episode of unprovoked deep-vein thrombosis. The PADIS-DVT randomized clinical trial.

The optimal duration of anticoagulation after a first episode of unprovoked deep-vein thrombosis is uncertain. We aimed to assess the benefits and risks of an additional 18 months of treatment with warfarin placebo, after an initial 6 months of anticoagulation for a first unprovoked proximal deep-vein thrombosis. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing an additional 18 months of warfarin with placebo in patients with a unprovoked proximal deep-vein thrombosis initially treated for 6 months (treatment period: 18 months; follow up after treatment period: 24 months).

Investigation of the local structure of nanosized rhodium hydride.

The local structure and the thermal stability of small and well-dispersed RhH nanoparticles (average size of 1.4 nm) were studied by in situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. The RhH nanoparticles are stable at room temperature and undergo a structural transition from hydride (fcc) to metal phase (fcc) with a shrinking of the lattice volume due to the desorption of hydrogen.

Risk factors for recurrent venous thromboembolism after unprovoked pulmonary embolism: the PADIS-PE randomised trial.

We aimed to identify risk factors for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) after unprovoked pulmonary embolism.Analyses were based on the double-blind randomised PADIS-PE trial, which included 371 patients with a first unprovoked pulmonary embolism initially treated during 6 months who were randomised to receive an additional 18 months of warfarin or placebo and followed up for 2 years after study treatment discontinuation. All patients had ventilation/perfusion lung scan at inclusion ( at 6 months of anticoagulation).

Reproducibility of Lobar Perfusion and Ventilation Quantification Using SPECT/CT Segmentation Software in Lung Cancer Patients.

Planar perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-labeled macroaggregated albumin is often used for pretherapy quantification of regional lung perfusion in lung cancer patients, particularly those with poor respiratory function. However, subdividing lung parenchyma into rectangular regions of interest, as done on planar images, is a poor reflection of true lobar anatomy. New tridimensional methods using SPECT and SPECT/CT have been introduced, including semiautomatic lung segmentation software.

Composition and size dependence of hydrogen interaction with carbon supported bulk-immiscible Pd-Rh nanoalloys.

In-depth clarification of hydrogen interaction with noble metal nanoparticles and nanoalloys is essential for further development and design of efficient catalysts and hydrogen storage nanomaterials. This issue becomes even more challenging for nanoalloys of bulk-immiscible metals. The hydrogen interaction with bulk-immiscible Pd-Rh nanoalloys (3-6 nm) supported on mesoporous carbon is studied by both laboratory and large scale facility techniques.