Osmotic pump maintains plasma concentrations of meloxicam for 6 days after orthopedic surgery in pigeons (Columba livia).

Objective: To determine the plasma concentration of meloxicam delivered via an osmotic pump in pigeons undergoing orthopedic surgery and if an osmotic pump is a suitable alternative to repeated oral administration of this drug.

Animals: 16 free-ranging pigeons presented for rehabilitation with a wing fracture.

Procedures: An osmotic pump filled with 0.

Ex-vivo study of the percutaneous absorption of a tramadol formulation through feline inner pinna skin.

Objectives: Oral medication of small animals, particularly cats, is often challenging. The transdermal route may provide an easier option for owners to administer chronic treatment. Tramadol is an analgesic mainly used in humans; it is also commonly used in dogs, despite some controversy over its clinical efficacy.

Use of Antimicrobials in a French Veterinary Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study.

Antibiotic resistance has become a major concern for not only human health, but also for animal health. To preserve the efficacy of antibiotics, it has become essential to establish measures to regulate the prescription of antibiotics to ensure their prudent use. In France, these measures have been translated into regulations for animal health since 2015, with the publication of three important regulatory texts.

Stability of Extemporaneous Oral Tramadol, Fluoxetine, and Doxycycline Suspensions in SyrSpend SF pH4.

Extemporaneous compounding in veterinary practice sometimes represents the only possibility for treating animals in the absence of appropriate commercial formulations, especially for particular species. This method involves manipulating pharmaceutical active ingredients to a suitable dosage and formulation for administration to humans or animals. However, veterinarians and pharmacists should focus on the risk of potential incompatibilities and instability of their preparations.

Pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate in horses.

This study aimed to investigate both the pharmacokinetic behavior and tolerance of methotrexate (MTX) in horses to design a specific dosing regimen as a new immunomodulatory drug for long-term treatment. To determine the primary plasma pharmacokinetic variables after single intravenous, subcutaneous or oral administration, six horses were administered 0.3 mg/kg MTX in a crossover design study.

In situ synthesis of FeO nanoparticles coated by chito-oligosaccharides: physico-chemical characterizations and cytotoxicity evaluation for biomedical applications.

FeO nanoparticles coated with chito-oligosaccharides (COS) were prepared in situ by a simple co-precipitation method through a mixing of iron ions (Fe and Fe) and COS aqueous solutions followed by precipitation with ammonia. The impact of COS with different degree of polymerization (DP 10, 24 and 45) and degree of N-acetylation (DA) ∼ 24% and 50% (exhibiting high solubility) on the synthesis and physical properties of the coated magnetic nanoparticles was evaluated. Several advantages were found when the magnetic nanoparticles were prepared in the presence of the studied COS, such as: preparation of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with narrower size distributions and, consequently, higher saturation magnetization (an increase of up to 22%); and an expressive increasing in the concentration of COS-coated magnetic nanoparticles (up to twice) in the cell viability test in comparison with pure FeO nanoparticles.

Pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate in healthy beagle dogs.

Methotrexate may be an alternative to ciclosporin in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) as suggested by recent data. The aim of the study was to investigate both the tolerance and the pharmacokinetic behavior of methotrexate (MTX) in plasma, following intravenous (i.v.

Role of ABC transporters in trans-epithelial transport of vitamin K antagonists.

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) remain the oral anticoagulant of choice in venous thromboembolic disease. These drugs are characterized by a large inter-individual variability requiring frequent dose tailoring. Genetic polymorphisms for cytochrome CYP2C9 and VKORC1 explain some of the variability, especially in warfarin and acenocoumarol responses.

Efficacy of guar gum-based ronidazole capsules as a treatment for Tritrichomonas foetus infection in cats.

Objectives The aims of the study were to determine the in vitro drug release of guar gum-coated capsules of ronidazole, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of this formulation for the treatment of cats naturally infected with Tritrichomonas foetus. Methods The pharmacokinetics of ronidazole were evaluated in five healthy cats and five cats infected with T foetus. In a second step, the clinical efficacy of these capsules was evaluated by a controlled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial performed in 47 infected cats from French catteries.

VKORC1L1, an enzyme rescuing the vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase activity in some extrahepatic tissues during anticoagulation therapy.

Vitamin K is involved in the γ-carboxylation of the vitamin K-dependent proteins, and vitamin K epoxide is a by-product of this reaction. Due to the limited intake of vitamin K, its regeneration is necessary and involves vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR) activity. This activity is known to be supported by VKORC1 protein, but recently a second gene, VKORC1L1, appears to be able to support this activity when the encoded protein is expressed in HEK293T cells.

Neonatal exposure to zearalenone induces long term modulation of ABC transporter expression in testis.

Mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a cereal contaminant produced by various species of Fusarium fungi. When interacting with estrogen receptors, ZEN leads to animal fertility disturbances and other reproductive pathologies. Few data are available on the effects of perinatal exposure to ZEN, particularly in the blood-testis barrier.

Zearalenone exposure modulates the expression of ABC transporters and nuclear receptors in pregnant rats and fetal liver.

The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is produced by a variety of Fusarium fungi and contaminates numerous cereals, fruits and vegetables. Interacting with the estrogen receptors, ZEN and reduced metabolites zearalenols cause hormonal effects in animals. Few data are available on the effects of repeated exposure to ZEN, particularly during pregnancy.

In vitro toxicological effects of estrogenic mycotoxins on human placental cells: structure activity relationships.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroid estrogen mycotoxin produced by numerous strains of Fusarium which commonly contaminate cereals. After oral administration, ZEN is reduced via intestinal and hepatic metabolism to α- and β-zearalenol (αZEL and βZEL). These reduced metabolites possess estrogenic properties, αZEL showing the highest affinity for ERs.

The role of the placenta in fetal exposure to xenobiotics: importance of membrane transporters and human models for transfer studies.

The placenta is a key organ in fetal growth and development because it controls maternal-to-fetal exchanges of nutrients and hormones. It also interferes with drug delivery to the fetus by expressing active membrane transporters and xenobiotic metabolism enzymes. Developing strategies to understand the role of the placenta in drug delivery is a challenge in toxicology.

ABCC1, ABCC2 and ABCC3 are implicated in the transepithelial transport of the myco-estrogen zearalenone and its major metabolites.

The myco-estrogene zearalenone (ZEA) is a worldwide cereal contaminant, implicated in reproductive disorders in animals and humans. Intestinal cells constitute a first barrier to mycotoxins exposure, since they express membrane ABC transporters that may affect the bioavailability of food xenobiotics. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the transepithelial transfer of ZEA and its major metabolites alpha- and beta-zearalenols (ZOLs), first using human intestinal Caco-2 cells.

Induction of cells differentiation and ABC transporters expression by a myco-estrogen, zearalenone, in human choriocarcinoma cell line (BeWo).

The mycotoxin zearalenone, produced by Fusarium species, is a worldwide contaminant of concern in cereals and other plant products. Due to its estrogenic activity, zearalenone (ZEA) is known to have toxicological effect in animals on reproductive system and the placental transfer of ZEA was suggested by in vivo studies. Although passive diffusion is the principal transport mechanism across the placenta, several carrier-mediated transport protein such as ABC transporter (P-gp, MRP1, MRP2, BCRP) have been identified in the placenta.

Synthesis, antioxidant properties and radioprotective effects of new benzothiazoles and thiadiazoles.

In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of new compounds derived from benzothiazoles and thiadiazoles. We observed that structural modifications on these skeletons affected the antioxidant activity. Thiol and aminothiol compounds derived from thiadiazoles and benzothiazoles showed an interesting antioxidant property.

Evaluation of new thiadiazoles and benzothiazoles as potential radioprotectors: free radical scavenging activity in vitro and theoretical studies (QSAR, DFT).

Thiol and aminothiol compounds are among the most efficient chemical radioprotectors. To increase their efficiency, we synthesized two new classes of thiol and aminothiol compounds derived from benzothiazole (T1, T2, AM1, AM2) and thiadiazole (T3, T4, AM3) structures. We examined them for their ability to scavenge free radicals (DPPH*, ABTS(*+), *OH).

Evaluation, in vitro, of the radioprotection of DNA from gamma-rays by naphazoline.

Design of compounds that can protect efficiently against gamma-rays irradiation is a great challenge. An ionizing event can cause variety of DNA damage scenarios leading to mutagenesis, cell death. 2-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-2-imidazoline (naphazoline, NP) is a drug belonging to the vasoregulator class, which was shown to be a very interesting compound in radioprotection.

Biotransformation of the flame retardant tetrabromo-bisphenol A by human and rat sub-cellular liver fractions.

The comparative in vitro metabolism of the flame retardant tetrabromo-bisphenol A was studied in rat and human using a [(14)C]-radio-labelled molecule. Tetrabromo-bisphenol A is metabolised into the corresponding glucuronide (liver S9 fractions) and several other metabolites produced by cytochrome P450 dependent pathways (liver microsomes and liver S9 fractions). No major qualitative differences were observed between rat and human, regardless of the selected concentration, within the 20-200 microM range.