Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease: clinical cases.

A 68 y.o. woman delivered to the emergency department with severe speech impairment in a somnolent state - 13 points Glasgow Coma Scale.

[Interrelation between levels of eicosanoids and tachykinins in the expired air condencate in the obstructive type respiratory insufficiency in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

The content was studied of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substantia P (SP), bombesine (BMB), prostaglandins (PG) E2, F2alpha, 6-keto-F1alpha, Tx A2, and leukotrien (LT) B4 in the expired air condensate with the aid of the radioimmune technique to reveal a relation between pulmonary tachykinins and eicosanoids in obstructive type respiratory incompetence in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. In patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, a high level of BMB was measurable in the expired air condensate. A linear negative correlation has been established between BMB content and forced expiratory volume, SP and respiratory volume, SP and lung capacity.

[Endoscopic characteristics of chronic bronchitis treated with substitution of surfactant].

An analysis has been performed of endoscopic management of chronic bronchitis with making use of substitution surfactant therapy with a home-produced drug preparation of the exogenous surfactant sucrim. Positive results obtained in the studies conducted permit the substantiation of a 2-fold use of the above drug in a combined treatment. Visual normalization of bronchial mucosa in purulent diffuse endobronchitis, degree III intensity of inflammation, was seen by day 8 to 12 from the commencement of therapy.

[Use of food additives in a multimodal treatment of disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis].

Effects have been studied of multimodality treatment on the function of external breathing in patients with disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis using food additives Trace Minerals. Positive dynamics has been recordable of changes in indices for forced lung vital capacity, minute oxygen consumption, both prior and after loading, and maximum volume speed (MVS75) before loading. The obtained data are indicative of the efficacy of using vitamin-mineral additives Trace Minerals evidenced by improvement in bronchial patency and normalization of ventilation-and-perfusion relations in patients with destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis.

[Correction of pulmonary moisture exhalation in patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs].

It has been found out that in patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs the moisture-discharging function of the lungs is impaired, its degree resting with the clinical form of tuberculosis, site, extension, and phase of the process. In patients with disseminated tuberculosis in the phase of infiltration and in those with infiltrative tuberculosis, moisture discharge copious whereas in patients with chronic forms of tuberculosis it is meagre. In those patients presenting with freshly detected forms of tuberculosis the proposed method involving inhalations with broncholytic mixture and glucocorticoids designed to correct the impaired moisture-discharging function of the lungs has been shown to return the pulmonary moisture discharge back to normal one month earlier than in controls.

[The development of the skin-optical perception of color and images in blind schoolchildren on an "internal visual screen"].

In profound impairement of vision the function of colour and seen objects perception is absent, with the person being unable to orient himself in space. The uncovered sensory sensations of colour allowed their use in training the blind in recognizing the colour of paper, fabric, etc. Further study in those having become blind will, we believe, help in finding eligible people and relevant approaches toward educating the blind, which will make for development of the trainee's ability to recognize images on the "inner visual screen".

[The use of substitute surfactant therapy in treating acute destructive pneumonia in children].

The article presents results of employment of replacement surfactant therapy with the exogenous surfactant preparation sukrim as treatment of the infiltrative-destructive form of acute purulent destructive pneumonia in children. Based on clinical, laboratory, and roentgenological findings a comparative evaluation was done of the course of disease in 20 patients having received substitution surfactant therapy and in 25 those having not been given it. Employment of the preparation suchrim and a short-term course of antibiotic therapy combined in treatment of acute destructive pneumonia in pediatric patients proved to be a highly efficient treatment option for this pathology.

[The moisture-releasing function of the lungs in persons who were exposed to moderate doses of ionizing radiation after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Results are submitted of studying the moisture-eliminating function of the lungs in healthy individuals who did not take part in the elimination of the aftermath of Chernobyl breakdown, and those having participated in the above attempts. The moisture-eliminating function of the lungs was found out to be varying and dynamic, being age-associated as well as dependent upon the position of the examinee on the right or left side. There can be noted relatedness of the moisture-eliminating function of the lungs to some ecological factors (moderate doses of ionizing radiation).

[Pulmonary surfactant and dust-induced diseases of the respiratory organs in coal miners].

Surface activity and biochemical composition of pulmonary surfactant was studied in patients with anthracosilicosis and chronic dust-induced bronchitis. Significant impairment was found of surface-active properties of the surfactant during the course of development of the above conditions but different functional state of the pulmonary surfactant system determines dissimilarity in the natural course of the conditions in question. Suppression of the phospholipids synthesis in patients with anthracosilicosis contributes to the predominance of the processes of damaging the alveolar epithelium as well as pneumofibrosis and fatty infiltration of the pulmonary tissue while increase in the amount of pulmonary surfactant in patients with dust-induced bronchitis brings about predominant development of obstructive, bronchospastic and inflammatory changes.

[Lipid indices in the expirate of persons subjected to ionizing radiation exposure].

The article contains results of gas-chromatographic analysis of the lipid fatty acid spectrum in the expirates of those having been exposed to ionizing radiation. Changes in the expirate lipids fatty acidic composition were found out to be dependent upon the level of irradiation.

[State of pulmonary surfactant and hemodynamics of lesser blood circulation in Donets Basin coal miners during development of dust-induced respiratory tract diseases].

Respiratory diseases caused by dust in coal miners and high-risk group are manifested by accumulation of low surface-active surfactant masses, which thicken alveolar-capillary membrane, thus the smallest bronchi and alveoli collapse and diffusion of oxygen across blood-gas barrier becomes inadequate. Respiratory hypoxemia leads to reflectory construction of pulmonary arterioles, hence pulmonary hypertension occurs and cuts down blood supply to middle and lower portions of lungs, where dust is the most likely to invade. The blood supply is therefore shunted to the upper portions of lungs, which is compensatory.

[Pulmonary surfactant and its role in the pathogenesis of dust-induced diseases of the respiratory organs in the miners of coal mines].

establishing a relationship between the condition of the pulmonary surfactant and external respiration function in Donbass coal miners with initial and advanced forms of dust-induced lung pathology. One of the early manifestations of lung pathology in miners is increased synthesis and secretion of the surfactant on the alveolar surface with disorders of its functional activity evidencing disorders of lipid excretion from the pulmonary tissue. The presence of albumin in the expired air indicates the presence of alternative processes in the bronchopulmonary apparatus, and highest albumin content in patients with pneumoconiosis and chronic dust-induced bronchitis may be an index of activity of the inflammatory process.

[Mechanisms of the therapeutic and damaging (side effects) actions of inhalation aerosol therapy].

Basing on the literature and original data, the authors discuss specific features of a local and resorptive action of inhaled chemotherapeutic aerosols, provide evidence for advantages of the drugs inhalation over their introduction extrapulmonarily for treatment of respiration pathology. The data are presented on potential damage of aerosols to mucociliary clearance, air-blood barrier, surfactant system. Ways of these adverse effects correction are outlined.

[Changes in the fatty acid composition of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids after administration of antitubercular agents].

The prolonged inhalations of streptomycin sulphate and isoniazid in experiments on rats decrease the content of unsaturated fatty acids and increase that of saturated ones in the phospholipids composition of lungs surfactants.