A combination of commercial and traditional food-source-derived enzymatic treatment acts as a potential tool to produce functional yuzu () powder.

Enzymatic modifications have been applied in citrus to enhance their physicochemical and biological properties and reduce their bitterness. Notwithstanding, research on the combination of enzyme treatment of yuzu is lacking. In this study, yuzu was treated with a combination of isolated cellulase NY203, pectinase UF, and cellulase KN, and this enzymatic treatment was found to increase monosaccharide, naringenin, and hesperetin levels.

Rootstock effects on bitter pit incidence in 'Honeycrisp' apples are associated with changes in fruit's cell wall chemical properties.

Bitter pit (BP) is a physiological disorder of apples that often appears during or after cold storage. Despite being defined as a calcium deficiency disorder, BP is a complex process that is not only affected by the total Ca content in the fruit but also by the proper cellular Ca homeostasis and partitioning. Early investigations have also suggested that rootstocks could affect BP development and severity.

Diversity in blueberry genotypes and developmental stages enables discrepancy in the bioactive compounds, metabolites, and cytotoxicity.

Eight blueberry cultivars at three developmental stages were investigated for metabolite profiling, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Cultivars- and developmental stages-variations were determined in total phenolic, flavonoid, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidant assays. The anticancer capacity was equal against A549, HepG2, and Caco-2 cancer cells, whereas the inhibition rate was dose-, incubation period-, cultivar-, and developmental stages-dependent.

Removal of astringency in persimmon fruits () subjected to different freezing temperature treatments.

The effects of two different freezing temperatures (- 20 °C and - 80 °C) on the astringency trait of persimmon fruits during 15 to 60 days of storage were investigated. The levels of soluble and insoluble tannins, proanthocyanidins and other physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. Storage at - 20 °C and - 80 °C temperatures up to 60 days has been found to be an effective method to remove astringency of persimmon fruits.

Untargeted Metabolomics and Antioxidant Capacities of Muscadine Grape Genotypes during Berry Development.

Three muscadine grape genotypes ( (Michx.) Small) were evaluated for their metabolite profiling and antioxidant activities at different berry developmental stages. A total of 329 metabolites were identified using UPLC-TOF-MS analysis (Ultimate 3000LC combined with Q Exactive MS and screened with ESI-MS) in muscadine genotypes throughout different developmental stages.

Aqueous green tea infusion extracted by ultra-sonication method, but not by conventional method, facilitates GLUT4 membrane translocation in adipocytes which potently ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Green tea contains bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, responsible for its health-promoting effects, including antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. We previously reported that ultra-sonication extraction (UE) could efficiently increase the extraction yield of green tea compounds. In the present study, we found that the extract obtained using UE contained higher phenolic and flavonoid contents than that obtained using the conventional method.

Effects of superfine grinding using ball-milling on the physical properties, chemical composition, and antioxidant properties of Quercus salicina (Blume) leaf powders.

Background: Quercus salicina (Blume) leaves are traditionally used as folk medicine in some Asian countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ball milling for different periods (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h) on the physicochemical properties of superfine Quercus salicina (Blume) leaf (QSL) powders.

Results: The particle sizes, water-holding capacity, angle of repose, and redness of the superfine QSL powder decreased with increasing ball-milling times, whereas the water solubility index, bulk density, tapped density, brightness, and yellowness were found to increase.

Application of Exogenous dsRNAs-induced RNAi in Agriculture: Challenges and Triumphs.

In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi) machinery has widely been explored by plant biologists for its potential applications in disease management, plant development, and germplasm improvement. RNAi-based technologies have mainly been applied in the form of transgenic plant generation and host-induced-gene-silencing (HIGS). However, the approval of RNAi-based transgenic plants has always been challenging due to the proclaimed concerns surrounding their impacts on human health and the environment.

A review of encapsulation of carotenoids using spray drying and freeze drying.

Carotenoids are potent antioxidants, but they are highly unstable and susceptible during processing and storage. Encapsulation technologies protect against degradation and are capable of releasing individual or combination of bioactive substances during processing as well as development of various functional food products. Moreover, encapsulating agents can be used to increase the stability of carotenoids and form a barrier between the core and wall materials.

Profiling of volatile and non-phenolic metabolites-Amino acids, organic acids, and sugars of green tea extracts obtained by different extraction techniques.

Volatile compounds and non-phenolic metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, and sugars) of aqueous green tea extracts obtained by ultrasonic extraction (UE), agitation extraction (AE), hot water extraction (HWE), and conventional extraction (CE) were determined using SPME-GC-MS and HPLC, respectively. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) yields of volatiles and non-phenolic metabolites were obtained via UE and AE than via HWE and CE.

A comparative study of ultra-sonication and agitation extraction techniques on bioactive metabolites of green tea extract.

The aim of this study was to compare methods for efficient extraction of green tea metabolites. Aqueous green tea leaf powder extracts were prepared by ultra-sonication extraction (UE), agitation extraction (AE), and the conventional extraction method (control) at different temperatures (60, 70, and 80 °C) and times (5-30 min). Compared to the control, both UE and AE techniques significantly increased the yields of polyphenols (three-fold), catechins (two-fold), and flavonoids (two-fold), and resulted in higher antioxidant activity.

Characterization of p-Coumaric acid-induced soluble and cell wall-bound phenolic metabolites in relation to disease resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Chinese cabbage.

To characterize the p-coumaric acid (pCA)-induced phenolic metabolites in relation to the disease resistance against Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc.), the responses of soluble- and cell wall-bound flavonoid and hydroxycinnamic acids compounds to the pretreatment of pCA or the inhibitor of the 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, 3,4-(methylenedioxy) cinnamic acid (MDCA), following Xcc inoculation were assessed, and the resulting data were interpreted with regard to susceptibility to Xcc in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var.

Ethnomedicinal plants of the Bauri tribal community of Moulvibazar District, Bangladesh.

Context: Bangladesh reportedly has more than 100 tribal communities; however, documentation of their medicinal practices is markedly absent.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among the little known Bauri tribe of Bangladesh, whose tribal medicinal practices are yet to be documented.

Settings And Design: The survey was carried out among the Bauri tribal community of Purbo Tila village in Moulvibazar District.

Ethnomedicinal plants used by the Nag clan of the Rai Ghatual tribe of Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh.

Context: Medicinal practices of the tribes of Bangladesh remain largely un-documented.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey and documentation among the Nag clan of the Rai Ghatual tribe of Bangladesh.

Settings And Design: The survey was carried out among the Nag clan of the Rai Ghatual tribal community of Moulvibazar district.

Medicinal plants used by the Mandais--a little known tribe of Bangladesh.

The Mandais are a little known tribe of Bangladesh inhabiting the north central regions, particularly Tangail district of Bangladesh. Their population has been estimated to be less than 10,000 people. Although the tribe has for the most part assimilated with the mainstream Bengali-speaking population, they to some extent still retain their original tribal customs, including their traditional medicinal practices.