Interplay between circular RNA, microRNA, and human diseases.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are endogenous RNA formed by the back splicing process. They are ubiquitous, stable, evolutionally conserved, and are tissue-specific. The biochemical and molecular features of circRNAs hold the potential to be used as biomarkers in various diseases to achieve pharmacological goals.

Circular RNAs in cancer and diabetes.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNA molecules formed by the back splicing process. Compared to linear mRNA molecules they are more stable. CircRNA acts as miRNA sponges, regulates translation, epigenetic alterations, etc.

Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms between 2019-nCoV genomes and its impact on codon usage.

The spread of SARS-CoV-2 is a global concern that has taken a toll on entire human health. Researchers across the globe have been working in devising the strategies to combat this dreadful disease. Studies focused on genetic variability help design effective drugs and vaccines.

Linking gut microbiota with the human diseases.

The human gut is rich in microbes. Therefore, it is of interest to document data to link known human diseases with the gut microbiota. Various factors like hormones, metabolites and dietary habitats are responsible for shaping the microbiota of the gut.

The significance of gene mutations across eight major cancer types.

Mutations occur spontaneously, which can be induced by either chemicals (e.g. benzene) or biological factors (e.

Genetic evolution and codon usage analysis of NKX-2.5 gene governing heart development in some mammals.

NKX-2.5 gene is responsible for cardiac development and its targeted disruption apprehends cardiac development at the linear heart tube stage. Bioinformatic analysis was employed to investigate the codon usage pattern and dN/dS of mammalian NKX-2.

A review on coronary artery disease, its risk factors, and therapeutics.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the major cardiovascular diseases affecting the global human population. This disease has been proved to be the major cause of death in both the developed and developing countries. Lifestyle, environmental factors, and genetic factors pose as risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease.

Compositional bias coupled with selection and mutation pressure drives codon usage in genes.

The plant includes the vegetables turnip and Chinese cabbage, important plants of economic importance. Here, we have analysed the codon usage bias of for 116 protein coding genes. Neutrality analysis showed that had a wide range of GC3s, and a significant correlation was observed between GC12 and GC3.

Codon usage vis-a-vis start and stop codon context analysis of three dicot species.

To understand the variation in genomic composition and its effect on codon usage, we performed the comparative analysis of codon usage and nucleotide usage in the genes of three dicots, Glycine max, Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula. The dicot genes were found to be A/T rich and have predominantly A-ending and/or T-ending codons. GC3s directly mimic theusage pattern of global GC content.

Codon usage and amino acid usage influence genes expression level.

Highly expressed genes in any species differ in the usage frequency of synonymous codons. The relative recurrence of an event of the favored codon pair (amino acid pairs) varies between gene and genomes due to varying gene expression and different base composition. Here we propose a new measure for predicting the gene expression level, i.

Interplay between miRNAs and human diseases.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which have evoked a great deal of interest due to their importance in many aspects of homeostasis and diseases. MicroRNAs are stable and are essential components of gene regulatory networks. They play a crucial role in healthy individuals and their dysregulations have also been implicated in a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: understanding its molecular biology at a fine scale.

Among all cancers, the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is quite high in the endemic regions. NPC is a head and neck cancer with poor survival rate, and is rare throughout most of the world but common in certain geographic areas, like southern Asia and some regions of North East India (Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram). A clear understanding of its etiology is still lacking, but NPC is widely suspected to be the result of both genetic susceptibility and exposure to environmental factors or Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Cytochrome P450 genes in coronary artery diseases: Codon usage analysis reveals genomic GC adaptation.

Establishing codon usage biases are imperative for understanding the etiology of coronary artery diseases (CAD) as well as the genetic factors associated with these diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of 18 responsible cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes for the risk of CAD. Effective number of codon (Nc) showed a negative correlation with both GC3 and synonymous codon usage order (SCUO) suggesting an antagonistic relationship between codon usage and Nc of genes.

Recombination hotspots: Models and tools for detection.

Recombination hotspots are the regions within the genome where the rate, and the frequency of recombination are optimum with a size varying from 1 to 2kb. The recombination event is mediated by the double-stranded break formation, guided by the combined enzymatic action of DNA topoisomerase and Spo 11 endonuclease. These regions are distributed non-uniformly throughout the human genome and cause distortions in the genetic map.

Allele frequency for Cystic fibrosis in Indians vis-a/-vis global populations.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. This gene encodes a protein involved in epithelial anion channel. Cystic fibrosis is the most common life-limiting genetic disorder in Caucasians; it also affects other ethnic groups like the Blacks and the Native Americans.

A cross talk between codon usage bias in human oncogenes.

Background: Oncogenes are the genes that have the potential to induce cancer. The extent and origin of codon usage bias is an important indicator of the forces shaping genome evolution in living organisms.

Results: We observed moderate correlations between gene expression as measured by CAI and GC content at any codon site.

Computational prediction of submergence responsive microRNA and their binding position within the genome of Oryza sativa.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs which play crucial role in response to the adverse biotic and abiotic stress conditions at the post transcriptional level. The functions of the miRNAs are generally based on complementarity to their target region.

Results: We used the online tool psRNA Target for the identification of submergence responsive miRNA using the gene expression profile related to the submergence condition.