Factors associated with seasonal affective disorder: Findings from the bipolar disorder course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Background: There is a lack of information on the long-term course and outcomes of bipolar disorder (BD) patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD).

Aim: To compare the demographic and clinical profile of BD patients with and without SAD.

Methodology: Data from 773 BD patients with an illness duration of at least 10 years were collected from 14 tertiary care centers.

Isotopic tracing of leachate percolation from municipal solid waste dump sites to groundwater in diverse climatic zones of India.

Groundwater resources in tropical regions are largely dependent on recharge by rainwater infiltration through soil layers with variable time. However, the rainwater infiltration through soil is a serious concern in urban tropics where it interacts with landfills at the dumpsites, potentially contaminating adjoining groundwater. In this study, the stable isotopic compositions of oxygen and hydrogen (δO and δH, respectively) in groundwater and leachates, adjoining municipal dumpsites in urban tropics (Bangalore, Kolkata and Durgapur located in diverse rainfall zonation of India), were analyzed to investigate their recharge sources and trace the possible mixing of leachate contaminants under three diverse climatology.

Subjective cognitive deficits and its correlates among patients with bipolar disorder: Findings from the bipolar disorder course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of subjective cognitive complaints and their association with clinical variables, insight, and disability.

Methodology: Seven hundred and seventy-three subjects with bipolar disorder (BD), recruited across 14 centers, currently in the euthymic phase were cross-sectionally evaluated on Cognitive Complaints in Bipolar Disorder Rating Assessment (COBRA).

Results: The mean total COBRA score was 9.

Stretchable Sensors for Soft Robotic Grippers in Edge-Intelligent IoT Applications.

The rapid development of electronic material and sensing technology has enabled research to be conducted on liquid metal-based soft sensors. The application of soft sensors is widespread and has many applications in soft robotics, smart prosthetics, and human-machine interfaces, where these sensors can be integrated for precise and sensitive monitoring. Soft sensors can be easily integrated for soft robotic applications, where traditional sensors are incompatible with robotic applications as these types of sensors show large deformation and very flexible.

Prevalence and association of comorbid substance dependence on the course and outcome of bipolar disorder: Findings from the bipolar disorder course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) and its association with the course and outcome of bipolar disorder (BD).

Materials And Methods: A total of 773 patients with BD were recruited from 14 centers in different parts of India, and they were evaluated for the prevalence of comorbid substance dependence, course and outcome, subjective cognitive functioning, and disability.

Results: About one-fourth (22.

Predominant polarity in bipolar disorder: Findings from the bipolar disorder course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the predominant polarity (PP) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and the factors associated with PP.

Methodology: For this study, 773 participants with at least 10 years of illness, were recruited from 14 centres, were evaluated using the National Institute of Mental Health- Retrospective Life Charts to assess the course of illness and PP was determined by both Barcelona proposal and the Harvard Index.

Results: According to Barcelona proposal for PP, 20.

Residual symptoms in bipolar disorders: Findings from the bipolar Disorder course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Aim: To explore the prevalence of residual symptoms (both depressive and manic) and their correlates in subjects with bipolar disorder in clinical remission.

Methodology: This multicentric cross-sectional study included patients in clinical remission recruited across the 14 centers. The patients were evaluated on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) for the prevalence of residual symptoms.

Is unipolar mania a distinct entity: findings from the bipolar disorder course and outcome study from India (BiD-CoIN study).

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of unipolar mania (UM) in a group of patients of bipolar disorder (BD). Additionally, effort was made to evaluate the demographic, clinical and treatment related factors, which distinguish subjects of UM from BD.

Methodology: Seven hundred and seventy-three patients with BD, of at least 10 years duration, recruited from 14 General Hospital Units of tertiary care centers from India were evaluated for UM.

Floating boat method for carbonate stable isotopic ratio determination in a GasBench II peripheral.

Rationale: Efficient high-precision stable isotope ratio determination using the GasBench II peripheral for carbonates involves loading of a reaction vial with carbonate powder and injection of phosphoric acid of high density for carbonate digestion. Herein, we present an alternative method, which bypasses the need for acid dosing with an automated pump. The advantages of the new method include minimization of clogging within capillaries caused by the acid, acid spillage, and diffusive fractionation due to repeated piercing of the septa.

Prescription patterns in clinically stable patients with bipolar disorder: Findings from the Bipolar Disorder Course and Outcome from India (BiD-CoIN) study.

Aim: To evaluate the prescription pattern of patients with BD, currently in clinical remission. Additional aim of the study was tocompare the prescription pattern across different study centres.

Methodology: Prescription of 773 patients, currently in clinical remission, recruited from the outpatient setting of 14 General Hospital Tertiary Care Units of tertiary care centres in the country were evaluated.

Depthwise microbiome and isotopic profiling of a moderately saline microbial mat in a solar saltern.

The solar salterns in Tuticorin, India, are man-made, saline to hypersaline systems hosting some uniquely adapted populations of microorganisms and eukaryotic algae that have not been fully characterized. Two visually different microbial mats (termed 'white' and 'green') developing on the reservoir ponds (53 PSU) were isolated from the salterns. Firstly, archaeal and bacterial diversity in different vertical layers of the mats were analyzed.

Ab initio quantum chemical studies of isotopic fractionation during acid digestion reaction of dolomite for clumped isotope application.

Rationale: In 'clumped isotope paleothermometry' carbonates are reacted with anhydrous phosphoric acid to extract CO that carries the isotopic signature of the reacting carbonates, and the amount of clumping in the product CO is measured. Previous theoretical models for determining clumped isotopic fractionation in product CO during acid digestion of carbonates are independent of the cations present in the carbonate lattice. Hence further study is required to understand the cationic effect.

Fractionation of stable oxygen and clumped isotopes during acid digestion of calcite in the presence of an external direct current electric field.

Rationale: Phosphoric acid digestion of carbonate generates CO for stable oxygen and clumped isotope analysis using a gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The initial step of the digestion reaction is protonation of calcite while the product CO equilibrates with the system allowing further exchange of isotopes to various extents depending on the nature of the acid digestion methods. An external electric field is introduced in the break seal method to demonstrate the role of the protonation reaction and the post-digestion isotopic exchanges in the final isotopic composition of product CO .

Isotopic fractionation during acid digestion of calcite: A combined ab initio quantum chemical simulation and experimental study.

Rationale: Carbonate clumped isotope analysis involves the reaction of carbonate minerals with phosphoric acid to release CO for measurement in a gas-source isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Although the clumped isotope proxy is based on the temperature dependence of C- O bonding preference in the mineral lattice, which is captured in the product CO , there is limited information on the phosphoric acid reaction mechanism and the magnitude of clumped isotopic fractionation (mass 63 in CO to mass 47 in CO ) during the acid digestion.

Methods: We studied the reaction mechanism for the phosphoric acid digestion of calcite using first-principles density functional theory.

Acid digestion of carbonates using break seal method for clumped isotope analysis.

Rationale: Acid digestion of carbonates to release CO is a crucial and sensitive step in sample preparation for clumped isotope analysis. In addition to data reduction and instrumental artefacts, many other uncertainties in the clumped isotope analysis of carbonates arise from the method used for the preparation of CO . We describe here an in-house-designed reaction vessel that circumvents degassing and contamination problems commonly associated with the McCrea-type digestion protocols.

Oxygen isotope enrichment in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain organic matter captures signature of relative humidity.

The oxygen isotopic composition (δO) of plant organic matter (OM) is primarily governed by the δO of source water (δO) and climatic factor of relative humidity (RH). Among the cereals, the growth of rice plants is critically dependent on the water availability in the growth-environment. In the present study, we investigated the sensitivity of δO in the bulk organic matter of rice grains to RH of their growth-environment.

Distribution of soil organic carbon and glomalin related soil protein in reclaimed coal mine-land chronosequence under tropical condition.

The revegetation on mine spoiled lands has potential to improve the status of reclaimed mine-soil quality. However, to date the temporal dynamics of labile and stable fractions of soil organic carbon (SOC) and glomalin related soil protein (GRSP) have not been satisfactorily demonstrated. We investigated SOC and GRSP fractions including labile particulate OC (POC) and easily extractable GRSP (EE-GRSP) and stable non-particulate OC (NPOC) and difficulty extractable GRSP (DE-GRSP) along with other important soil properties in six reclaimed mine lands chronosequence (1 to 26 years old) and a reference forest site in Raniganj Coalfield, India.

Author Correction: Rainfall seasonality on the Indian subcontinent during the Cretaceous greenhouse.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Rainfall seasonality on the Indian subcontinent during the Cretaceous greenhouse.

The Cretaceous greenhouse climate was accompanied by major changes in Earth's hydrological cycle, but seasonally resolved hydroclimatic reconstructions for this anomalously warm period are rare. We measured the δO and CO clumped isotope Δ of the seasonal growth bands in carbonate shells of the mollusc Villorita cyprinoides (Black Clam) growing in the Cochin estuary, in southern India. These tandem records accurately reconstruct seasonal changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and seawater δO, allowing us to document freshwater discharge into the estuary, and make inferences about rainfall amount.

Stable isotopes in water vapor and rainwater over Indian sector of Southern Ocean and estimation of fraction of recycled moisture.

Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen isotopic composition of water vapor, rainwater and surface seawater show a distinct trend across the latitude over the Southern Indian Ocean. Our observations on isotopic composition of surface seawater, water vapor and rainwater across a transect covering the tropical Indian Ocean to the regions of the Southern Ocean showed a strong latitudinal dependency; characterized by the zonal process of evaporation and precipitation. The sampling points were spread across diverse zones of SST, wind speed and rainfall regimes.

Temperature and Monsoon Tango in a Tropical Stalagmite: Last Glacial-Interglacial Climate Dynamics.

High-resolution paleoclimate data on stable isotopes in a stalagmite were coupled to glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs). The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) transitioned from limited rainfall during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to intense precipitation during early Holocene (22 to 6 ka). This was associated with changes in stalagmite growth, abundance of branched (br) and isoprenoid (iso) GDGTs, as well as δO, δC, Sr/Ca and GDGT-derived signals providing both temperature and moisture information.