[X-ray contrast filler for balloons at endovascular surgery (20 years of experience with original balloon filler)].

In 1984, the authors designed a X-ray contrast balloon filler polyacryl amide gel (PAAG) that has a polymerization rate of 1-3 min. PAAG has been used to fill over 5000 balloons for nearly 20 years. With this filler, recurrent anastomoses reduced by 1.

[Lipid peroxidation in the cyst fluid of craniopharyngiomas].

Comparing of the craniopharyngiomas cyst fluid, collected during the surgery, with blood plasma revealed significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation and lactate accumulation in tumour cysts contents. These processes were usually more prominent in endosuprasellar than in suprasellar craniopharyngiomas. The maximum of free radical formation in conjunction with the lowest level of malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in primary tumours with relatively high proliferation rate.

[Lipid-bound sialic acids in the blood of patients with brain diseases].

The results of studies of the blood levels of lipid-bound sialic acids (LBSA) in patients with various brain tumors, subarachnoidal hemorrhage (SAH) caused arterial aneurysmal rupture and in those with brain injury (BI) are analyzed. Significant differences were found in blood LBSA levels in patients with hemispheric tumors and in those with chiasmal sellar ones. The findings suggest that blood LBSA levels cannot be a marker for brain tumors as the blood of patients with benign chiasmal sellar tumors shows high LBSA levels reaching those in patients with malignant hemispheric tumors.

[The role of biochemical processes in the pathogenesis of complicated hydrocephalus in children].

Spinal fluid radical formation levels, malonic dialdehyde concentrations, and intrinsic antioxidative activity were studied in 84 patients with hydrocephalus. The findings suggest that there is a considerable activation of free radical reactions and lipid peroxidation, as well as a reduction in antioxidative activity. These changes were most drastically profound in children with inflammation-complicated hydrocephalus with spinal fluid hemorrhagic changes in particular.

[Cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism in the acute stage of cerebral aneurysm rupture].

The relationship between lipid peroxidation products and the severity of arterial spasm was studied in 86 patients. For this, the level of radical production, the content of the end lipid peroxidation product malonic dialdehyde and the overall antioxidative activity of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid were determined during 24-hour Doppler monitoring of blood flow in the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries. Following subarachnoidal hemorrhage, the activation of lipid peroxidation processes was shown to correlate with the severity of arterial spasm and it is likely to contribute to the development of late ischemias.

[Study of free radical oxidation of lipids in cerebrospinal fluid of hydrocephalic children].

The levels of free radical production, malondialdehyde concentration and antioxidant activity were estimated in ventricular liquor of the infants with primary hydrocephalus. It was shown that even in the case of uncomplicated hydrocephalus significant disorders in brain metabolism took place. In the patients with inflammatory or hemorrhagic complications the levels of malondialdehyde and free radicals were markedly increased as compared to the infants with "pure" hydrocephalus.

[Chemiluminescent study of free radical lipid peroxidation in the rabbit brain after cranio-cerebral trauma].

The method of chemiluminescence was applied for the determination of free radicals content in rabbit brain after the experimental craniocerebral trauma. The level of malondialdehyde was measured spectrophotometrically. The quantity of free radical products in hemispheres, brain stem and cerebellum of rabbits with traumatic injury was shown to be significantly increased and correlated with MDA level.

[Uridine diphosphate sugar in meningiomas of the brain].

The content of uridine-diphosphate (UDP)-saccharides, such as UDP-glucose (UDPG) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDPAG) was examined in the meningiomas obtained at surgery. Typical, atypical, and anaplastic meningiomas were used. Biochemical data were compared with histological findings.

[Characteristics of the level of lipid-bound sialic acids in the blood of patients with brain tumors].

In hemispheric tumors, the highest blood levels of lipid-conjugated acid were found in patients with malignant tumors despite their histology. In the blood of patients with benign tumors of the same site, the content of lipid-conjugated acids was the same as the control ones. However, the blood of patients with chiasmal-cellar tumors did not show these features.

[The induction of lipid peroxidation in human brain glial tumors].

Tissue examinations of glial tumors in the human brain revealed that therein lipid peroxidation could be induced by using bivalent iron salts, which is indicated by higher malonic dialdehyde levels. The authors have demonstrated that the glioma tissue levels of iron were statistically lower than those in the brain tissue. The induction in tumor tissue does not depend upon the degree of its malignancy, but it significantly differs from this parameter in the rabbit brain tissue.

Interrelationship between the functional state of the central nervous system and lipid peroxidation level in brain following craniocerebral trauma.

The interrelationship between the functional state of the CNS and brain metabolism was studied in animals following craniocerebral trauma. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of rabbit brain were investigated a day after craniocerebral trauma. An increase in conjugated dienes, TBA-reactive products (TBARP), and fluorescent Schiff bases (SchB), and a sharp decrease in antioxidant activity in all brain regions investigated were established.

[Level of lipid-bound sialic acids in blood from brain tumor patients].

Content of lipid-bound sialic acids was studied in blood serum of patients with benign tumors--gliomas, neurinomas, meningiomas, with malignant tumors--gliomas and anaplasia, glioblastomas, sarcoma, as well as of patients with impairment of peripheral nervous system (without any tumors) and of healthy volunteers. Content of lipid-bound sialic acids in blood serum of patients with benign tumors was similar to that of controls, while it was distinctly increased in all the patients with malignant tumors. These results corresponded to literature data, where the patients with non-brain localization of tumors are considered.

[The antioxidant activity of individual fractions of brain tissue].

The overall antioxidative activity was studied in the rabbit brain homogenate, water-soluble protein and lipid fractions. The antioxidative activity of water-soluble protein fraction made a major contribution to the total activity, while the antioxidative activity estimated by the procedure used was not detected in the lipid fraction. Antioxidant activity both in the brain homogenate and water-soluble protein fraction was similarly altered during craniocerebral trauma and after stimulation of the central nervous system in the injured animals.

[Lipid peroxidation processes and activity of brain succinate dehydrogenase in experimental craniocerebral trauma].

A statistically significant decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) was found in the rabbit brain after craniocerebral injury. The decrease in the activity of brain SDH was not shown to result from "competitive inhibition" by malonate accumulated after activation of lipid peroxidation. The activity of brain SDH was normalized by directed modification of the function of the central nervous system via administration of phenamine (amphetamine) into the injured animals.

[Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and peroxide compounds in young children with craniocerebral trauma].

The content of lactate and products of lipid peroxidation in the c. s. f.

[Effect of the functional state of the central nervous system on brain lipid peroxidation processes in experimental cranial-brain trauma].

Interrelationship between the functional state of central nervous system and brain metabolism was studied in animals with craniocerebral trauma. Stimulation of nervous activity was shown to prevent an increase in lipid peroxidation in brain of the experimental animals. A distinct decrease of the brain antioxidative activity was also noted.

[Lipid peroxidation of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with arterial cerebral aneurysms].

It was established from study of lipid peroxidation (LOP) products in 19 patients (16 with subarachnoid hemorrhages /SAH/ resulting from rupture of arterial aneurysms and 3 with arterial hemorrhages in the "cold" period) that their content was significantly higher in patients with a history of 2 or 3 SAH than in those who had suffered from a single SAH. The LOP level in the c.s.

[The role of lipids in middle molecular weight fractions as a feature of the pathological process].

About 20-66% of lipids was found in the middle molecular fraction of blood serum from neurosurgical patients. Content of the substances extracted with organic solvents was distinctly increased as the clinical status aggravated. Precipitation of proteins using chloric acid instead of trichloracetic acid proved to be more convenient for isolation of the middle molecular fraction from blood serum and for the subsequent studies of its composition.

[The compensatory function of a GABA shunt in brain energy metabolism in measured craniocerebral trauma in rats].

A severe compression craniocerebral trauma was induced in rats under short-term halothane anesthesia. The activity of pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes reduced significantly in the tissue of the damaged hemisphere, ALT activity increased sharply, AST activity grew slowly, the production of GABA in the glutamate decarboxylase reaction was slightly inhibited and its utilization in the GABA transaminase reaction was clearly accelerated. The GABA level in the nerve tissue showed a tendency to reduce, while the glutamate level had a tendency to increase.

[Practical significance of middle molecules of the blood in assessing the severity of the status of neurosurgical patients].

Study of the content of medium-size molecules (MM), residual nitrogen, creatinine, and urea in the blood of 80 neurosurgical patients with various diseases showed correlation between the severity of the patient's general condition and the MM level. No correlation was noted between the content of MM, creatinine, and urea. The MM level in the blood correlated with that of residual nitrogen in 20% of cases.

[Tryptophan loading and its plasma concentration in neurosurgical patients].

Tests for blood plasma tryptophan in patients with various diseases of the nervous system showed a statistically significant increase of its content in tumors of the astrocytic series in patients with meningiomas and oligodendrogliomas. The character of the tryptophan excretion curve after a load in neurooncological patients was different from that in healthy individuals and patients with thrombosis of the sinus and arachnoencephalitis. Hydrocortisone injection normalized the tryptophan curve in patients and, consequently, also the tryptophanpyrrolase reaction which is evidently disturbed in neurooncological patients.

[Concentration of lactate concentration in experimental glial tumors and brain tissue during brief artificial hyperglycemia].

The authors studied the content of lactic acid in glial tumors of the brain and brain tissue of rats in short-term artificial hyperglycemia. In short-term artificial glycemia the lactic acid content in glial tumors of animals was almost twice the level of this metabolite in the brain tissue, which is due to the high potential rate of glucose consumption by the tumor and the increased glycolytic activity in it in these conditions. The lactate content in the glial brain tumors significantly increases when the sugar concentration in the blood of animals is artificially increased.

[Concentration of glucose in the tissues of glial tumors of the brain in rats with artificial hyperglycemia of short duration].

The glucose content in the tissues of rat brain glial tumors and in the brain tissue during short-term induced hyperglycemia was studied. It was shown that in artificial increase of the concentration of glucose in blood, its content in the tumor grows sharply and exceeds considerably the level of this metabolite in the brain tissue. In distinction from the brain tissue, the tumor was marked by a high rate of glucose consumption and utilization under these conditions.

[Brain monoamine oxidase in craniocerebral trauma].

Effect of craniocerebral trauma on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied. The activity of MAO with monoamines as substrates was shown to decrease. In this case transformation of MAO properties was observed: the enzyme exhibited an ability to deaminate di- and polyamines.