Cytological diagnosis of microfilaria coexistent with suspected malignancy of breast and ovary in a young pregnant female.

Filariasis is a major health issue of tropical and subtropical regions and is endemic in India. It is rarely seen in cytological smears, exfoliative scrapings or in effusions. We present the case of a 29-year old female with filaria found on cytological examination of both breast and ovary.

Study of quality of life and depression in people living with HIV/AIDS in India.

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the severity of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and investigate its correlates. This was a cross-sectional study on 700 PLWHA in India. World Health Organization QOL HIV (WHOQOL HIV-BREF) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess QOL and depression in PLWHA, respectively.

Underlying coeliac disease in a case of cerebellar ataxia with unknown etiology.

Celiac disease is an immune mediated enteropathy in susceptible individuals as a response to gluten containing diets based on wheat, oat, rye and maize. It clinically presents with malabsorption syndrome along with a myriad of extraintestinal manifestations such as anemia, osteoporosis, dermatitis herpetiformis, peripheral neuropathies, ataxia and cognitive impairment. Although the prevalence of these extraintestinal features range from 1 to 15% in these patients, their presence in the absence of intestinal manifestations is very rare.

DIFFERENT SCORING SYSTEMS IN ACUTE ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS: WHICH ONE TO FOLLOW? AN ONGOING DILEMA.

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a common disorder in medical practice. In recent times, management has changed drastically with majority of decisions like intravenous antibiotics, negative suction with Ryle's tube and surgical interventions like necrosectomy etc based on severity of the disease. There are different scores in use to assess severity of disease but the relative efficacy has remained a debatable subject.

Autoimmune pancreatitis masquerading as carcinoma head of pancreas: A case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare form of chronic inflammatory pancreatic disease secondary to an underlying autoimmune mechanism. It is now considered as pancreatic manifestation of IgG4 related disease, which is a multisystem disease.

Case Report: We are reporting a patient who presented with obstructive jaundice and mass head of pancreas on Computed Tomography (CT) scan.

Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Thyroid and kidney are interdependent on each other in many ways for optimal functioning of either organs. Proteinuria causes urinary loss of thyroid hormones and thyroid binding globulins in substantial amount resulting in subclinical/overt hypothyroidism. Autoimmunity, which can attack both the organs simultaneously, may also contribute considerably to the abnormal functioning of both organs.

Comparative Analysis of Liquid based and Conventional Cytology Smears in Fine Needle Aspirates from Breast Lesions.

Context: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is being extensively used for the evaluation of both gynecological and non-gynecological specimens. Suspension of cells in monolayer makes better morphological assessment possible. Along with this, inherent morphological changes such as altered, reduced, or lost background material, fragmented cell clusters, smaller cell size, nucleolar prominence, etc.

'Pleomorphic adenoma of the tongue: A common entity at the uncommon location'.

The salivary gland tumors comprise of 3% of head and neck tumors. Pleomorphic adenoma, also known as mixed tumor, is the most common benign neoplasm of the major and minor salivary glands. The occurrence of pleomorphic adenoma of the tongue is very rare, and very few cases have been reported in the literature.

Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Microalbuminuria in Patients with Essential Hypertension - A Tertiary Care Center Cross Sectional Study.

Introduction: Albuminuria is predictor of target organ damage and worse cardiovascular outcomes. Microalbuminuria has been found in a large number of patients with essential hypertension. Aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of microalbuminuria in essential hypertension and to study its correlation with severity of hypertension and target organ damage.

Thyroid Association Ophthalmopathy in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: a Case Report.

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy is a constellation of symptoms caused by an autoimmune process involving the orbital tissue. It is common in hyperthyroid patients due to Graves' disease and also reported in euthyroid and hypothyroid Graves' patients with positive thyroid receptor antibodies. But in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroid associated ophthalmopathy is a rarely reported and poorly understood entity.

Autoimmune Hepatitis with Autoimmune Haemolytic Anemia Triggered by Varicella - a Rare Presentation.

Varicella is a common infectious exanthematous disease of children. Infection manifests as polymorphic maculopapulovesicular along with low grade fever, malaise and headache. Adults are less likely to be infected with varicella infection but once infected suffer disproportionately from serious complications like pneumonia, encephalitis, hepatitis and thrombocytopenia.

Corpus callosum dermoid cyst: A rare entity.

Dermoid cyst is a congenital lesion that arises due to embryogenic impairment. It accounts for less than 0.3% of all intracranial masses.

Tumefactive Fibroinflammatory Lesion: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Tumefactive fibroinflammatory lesions (TFLs) are rare idiopathic benign fibrosclerosing lesions that clinically simulate a malignancy. TFLs are seen more frequently in males between 10 and 74 years of age. The usual site of involvement is the head and neck region, but rarely the extremities may be involved.

Macrophage activation syndrome in a patient with systemic onset of the juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is defined as arthritis affecting one or more joint usually in the juvenile age group (< 16 years of age) with or preceded by fever of at least 2 weeks duration that is documented to be daily ("quotidian") for at least 3 days which may be associated with evanescent (non-fixed) erythematous rash or generalized lymph node enlargement or hepatomegaly/splenomegaly/both or serositis. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening complication of sJIA marked by sudden onset of non-remitting high fever, profound depression in all three blood cell lines (i.e.

Correlation of Hormone Receptor Expression with Histologic Parameters in Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors.

Background And Objective: Breast cancer is the commonest cancer of Indian women. Estrogen and Progesterone expression is seen in benign breast lesions and in breast carcinoma associated with good prognostic parameters and it correlates well with response to hormone therapy. Although a lot of studies have been conducted in the past on hormone receptor expression in breast cancer and few have correlated them with other prognostic parameters of breast cancer, the present study was intended to document the prevalence of hormone receptor positive breast carcinomas in our population; their importance in benign breast diseases; to document a reliable scoring system of hormone receptors expression by Quick scoring; to correlate them with most of the proven prognostic parameters of breast carcinoma.

Comparison of Prostatic Tissue Processed by Microwave and Conventional Technique Using Morphometry.

Background And Objectives: Rapid processing of histopathological specimens and decreased turnaround time is important to fulfill the needs of clinicians treating sick patients, so the present study was conducted to compare the time taken and quality of sections in processing of prostatic tissue by rapid microwave and conventional techniques using morphometry.

Methods: Four to five mm thick paired prostate tissue pieces of fifty cases of prostatectomy specimens were taken. One tissue piece of the pair was processed routinely overnight by conventional tissue processing and the other by microwave processing.

Assessment of renal functions in patients of chronic liver disease.

Aims And Objectives: Renal involvement in patients of chronic liver disease (CLD) is one of the dreaded complications associated with a steep rise in mortality and morbidity. Derangements in various homeostatic mechanisms in CLD leading to direct renal injury or circulatory compromise have been associated with renal impairment.

Method: Consecutive cirrhotic patients (n = 100) were included in the study.

Primary hepatic tuberculosis presenting as acute liver failure.

Abdominal tuberculosis is a common clinical entity in Indian subcontinent; however, hepatic tuberculosis in the absence of miliary abdominal tuberculosis is restricted to the case reports and small case series in English literature. It mimics common liver diseases like liver abscess and tumors. We report a case of 25-year-old immunocompetent female who presented with features of acute liver failure.

Disseminated tuberculosis causing isolated splenic vein thrombosis and multiple splenic abscesses.

Tuberculosis is a common infectious cause of splenic enlargement in developing countries, but tubercular splenic abscesses are a rare presentation, found predominantly in immunocompromised populations. We report a case of tubercular splenic abscesses with isolated splenic vein thrombosis in an immunocompetent person.

Adult paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma presenting as acute intestinal obstruction-a case report.

Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare intrascrotal tumor localized in the tunica vaginalis, epididymis, or spermatic cord. We report one such case in a 19-year-old man presenting with painless scrotal mass and features of acute intestinal obstruction. On exploratory laparotomy, a small nodule in sigmoid mesentery was found to be the cause of obstruction.

Multiple splenic infarcts in acute Plasmodium vivax malaria: a rare case report.

In tropical countries like India, malaria has been one of the most common parasitic illnesses leading to frequent hospitalization and causing major economic burden among the masses. Although Plasmodium vivax infection is considered to be benign, in contrast to Plasmodium falciparum infection which is notorious for its severe splenic complications can occur frequently. Splenomegaly tends not to receive special attention, as it is not usually accompanied by any symptoms and can be gradually resolved via standard antimalarial therapy.

Primary hepatic tuberculosis: a rare but fatal clinical entity if undiagnosed.

Hepatic tuberculosis particularly in the absence of military tuberculosis is rare. It can occur as a primary case or due to reactivation of an old tubercular focus. We report case of a 24 year old married female who died of primary hepatic tuberculosis.

Primary cutaneous actinomycosis of upper extremity masquerading as soft tissue neoplasm: a case report.

Primary cutaneous actinomycosis of the extremity is extremely rare. It is usually misdiagnosed clinically as soft tissue tumour or soft tissue infection. We present the case of a 55-year-old woman with primary cutaneous actinomycosis of the right forearm that had been erroneously diagnosed as soft tissue tumour.