A comprehensive design for prevention and management of COVID-19 in a tertiary medical institution in Bangladesh.

Introduction: Containment of the further spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reducing fatality due to coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) represent a pressing challenge to global health services. Here, we present a management blueprint for both the containment of SARS-CoV-2 and treatment of COVID-19 through a comprehensive approach.

Methodology: A cohort of 130 consecutive patients identified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 by testing of nasal swab by polymerase chain reaction were managed at a peripheral city of Bangladesh between 1 April and 31 May, 2020.

Evaluation of Loopamp™ Detection Kit and Antigen ELISA for Post-Elimination Detection and Management of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Bangladesh.

With reduced prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Indian subcontinent (ISC), direct and field deployable diagnostic tests are needed to implement an effective diagnostic and surveillance algorithm for post-elimination VL control. In this regard, here we investigated the diagnostic efficacies of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay (Loopamp™ Detection Kit, Eiken Chemical CO., Ltd, Japan), a real-time quantitative PCR assay (qPCR) and the antigen ELISA (CLIN-TECH, UK) with different sampling techniques and evaluated their prospect to incorporate into post-elimination VL control strategies.

Evaluation of Rapid Extraction Methods Coupled with a Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Point-of-Need Diagnosis of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis.

To detect Post-kala-azar leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases, several molecular methods with promising diagnostic efficacy have been developed that involve complicated and expensive DNA extraction methods, thus limiting their application in resource-poor settings. As an alternative, we evaluated two rapid DNA extraction methods and determined their impact on the detection of the parasite DNA using our newly developed recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay. Skin samples were collected from suspected PKDL cases following their diagnosis through national guidelines.

Amphotericin B deoxycholate for relapse visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Based on studies in India (as there was no studies from outside India) amphotericin B deoxycholate has been considered as a backup drug for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. However, treatment response and adverse effect to anti-leishmanial drugs may vary across different populations and in Bangladesh the effect to amphotericin B deoxycholate for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis is still unknown. Therefore, there is a need to explore cure rate and adverse effects to amphotericin B deoxycholate to justify its use on visceral leishmaniasis patients in Bangladesh.

Corneal complications following Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis treatment.

Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a sequel of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL). The patients act as a reservoir for the causative parasite (i.e.

Managing Severe Tetanus without Ventilation Support in a Resource-limited Setting in Bangladesh.

Tetanus, a vaccine-preventable and potentially fatal disease, continues to remain prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. Furthermore, physicians are often unfamiliar with management of severe tetanus without ventilator support. Therefore, we proposed a modified treatment protocol that provides a low-cost and effective solution for the management of severe tetanus in resource-constrained settings.

Case Report: Treatment of Widespread Nodular Post kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis with Extended-Dose Liposomal Amphotericin B in Bangladesh: A Series of Four Cases.

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a skin manifestation which usually appears after visceral leishmaniasis. It is now proved that PKDL patients serve as a reservoir for anthropometric leishmanial transmission. Hence, to achieve the kala-azar elimination target set by the World Health Organization in the Indian Subcontinent, PKDL cases should be given priority.

AmBisome Induced Avascular Necrosis of the Alae of the Nose of a very young girl suffering from Kala-azar - a Case Report.

Although liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) is considered as the first-line treatment for New Kala-azar, there is not enough evidence on the dosage formulation in children and its effect on them. Being considered as the safest drug for treatment of Kala-azar, this case of AmBisome-induced avascular necrosis now gives rise to the question; whether it is actually safe enough and if a dosage modification is needed in case of children. This so far, to the best of our knowledge, is the first instance of such severe adverse event due to AmBisome administration.

A Study on Health Seeking Behaviors of Patients of Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis.

Post-Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis (PKDL) remains a major public health threat in Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out in Surya Kanta Kala azar Research Centre (SKKRC), Mymensingh, from January 2012 to July 2013 to evaluate the health seeking behaviour and the length of delay of PKDL management. The consecutive 200 diagnosed PKDL cases that got treatment in SKKRC hospital were subjected to evaluation.

Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Recurrence in the Setting of Negative Splenic Smears.

This report presents two cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) recurrence where the microscopy of the splenic smear failed in diagnosis. However, a strong clinical suspicion compelled further evaluation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which validated the etiology. This short report highlights the usefulness of PCR in diagnosing cases of suspected smear-negative VL recurrence.

Immediate hypersensitivity reaction following liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome) infusion.

Liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome) is now becoming first choice for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) patients due to high efficacy and less toxicity. The reported incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome), especially during therapy, is very rare. We report two patients with kala-azar: one developed breathing difficulties and hypotension followed by shock and the other had facial angioedema with chest tightness during treatment.