Direct Observation of Structural Phase Transformations during Phosphorene Formation on Cu(111).

Blue phosphorene, a two-dimensional, hexagonal-structured, semiconducting phosphorus, has gained attention as it is considered easier to synthesize on metal surfaces than its allotrope, black phosphorene. Recent studies report different structures of phosphorene, for example, on Cu(111), but the underlying mechanisms of their formation are not known. Here, using a combination of in situ ultrahigh vacuum low-energy electron microscopy and in vacuo scanning tunneling microscopy, we determine the time evolution of the surface structure and morphology during the deposition of phosphorus on single-crystalline Cu(111).

Use of natural extract from HOP, thyme, orange and algae to protect potatoes against potato blight ().

The growing demand for alternative plant protection products (PPP) that are more environmentally friendly leads to the investigation of novel approaches in agriculture. The use of plant extracts as PPP belongs to one of the most intensively investigated areas. This study aimed to evaluate if the partial substitution of conventional pesticides with selected botanicals (seaweed extract, orange essential oil, thyme essential oil, and a hop extract) will have the same protective effect against ans as conventional potato treatment.

Identification of Malignancy in Peritumoral Edema in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A Novel Targeted Molecular Approach.

Background: Peritumoral edema on staging magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is associated with higher local recurrence in soft tissue sarcoma (STS). This may relate to the presence of satellite malignant cells that are difficult to distinguish from benign atypia, leading to over- or undertreatment. This study evaluated a novel targeted molecular approach to identify malignancy in STS peritumoral planes as a means to improve personalized care.

Host traits rather than migration and molting strategies explain feather bacterial load in Palearctic passerines.

Feather bacterial load affects key avian life-history traits such as plumage condition, innate immunity, and reproductive success. Investigating the interplay between life-history traits and feather microbial load is critical for understanding mechanisms of host-microbiome interactions. We hypothesize that spatiotemporal variation associated with migration and molting, body size affecting colonizable body surface area, and preening intensity could shape feather bacterial load.

Robust Dipolar Layers between Organic Semiconductors and Silver for Energy-Level Alignment.

The interface between a metal electrode and an organic semiconductor (OS) layer has a defining role in the properties of the resulting device. To obtain the desired performance, interlayers are introduced to modify the adhesion and growth of OS and enhance the efficiency of charge transport through the interface. However, the employed interlayers face common challenges, including a lack of electric dipoles to tune the mutual position of energy levels, being too thick for efficient electronic transport, or being prone to intermixing with subsequently deposited OS layers.

The moderating role of perceived health risks on the acceptance of genetically modified food.

The public perspective on genetically modified foods (GMFs) has been intensely debated and scrutinized. Often, discussions surrounding GMF tend to revolve solely around the potential health risks associated with their consumption. However, it is essential to acknowledge that public perceptions of genetically modified foods are multifaceted, encompassing environmental concerns, ethical considerations, and economic implications.

: software for modeling low-energy electron diffraction patterns.

Low-energy electron diffraction patterns contain precise information about the structure of the surface studied. However, retrieving the real space lattice periodicity from complex diffraction patterns is challenging, especially when the modeled patterns originate from superlattices with large unit cells composed of several symmetry-equivalent domains without a simple relation to the substrate. This work presents software, built to provide simple, intuitive and precise modeling of low-energy electron diffraction patterns.

How the Support Defines Properties of 2D Metal-Organic Frameworks: Fe-TCNQ on Graphene versus Au(111).

The functionality of 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is crucially dependent on the local environment of the embedded metal atoms. These atomic-scale details are best ascertained on MOFs supported on well-defined surfaces, but the interaction with the support often changes the MOF properties. We elucidate the extent of this effect by comparing the Fe-TCNQ 2D MOF on two weakly interacting supports: graphene and Au(111).

The association between haemosporidian infection and non-breeding moult location in great reed warblers revisited by combining feather stable isotope profiles and geolocator data.

Stable isotope analysis provides valuable insights into the ecology of long-distance migratory birds during periods spent away from a specific study site. In a previous study, Swedish great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) infected with haemosporidian parasites differed in feather isotope ratios compared to non-infected birds, suggesting that infected and non-infected birds spent the non-breeding season in different locations or habitats. Here, we use a novel dataset comprising geolocator data, isotopes, and haemosporidian infection status of 92 individuals from four Eurasian populations to investigate whether parasite transmission varies with geography or habitats.

Single-dose cefixime 800 mg plus doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for 7 days compared with single-dose ceftriaxone 1 g plus single-dose azithromycin 2 g for treatment of urogenital, rectal, and pharyngeal gonorrhoea: a randomised clinical trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a single dose of oral cefixime 800 mg plus oral doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for 7 days, compared with a recommended single dose of ceftriaxone plus single dose of oral azithromycin, for treatment of uncomplicated urogenital, rectal, or pharyngeal gonorrhoea.

Methods: A noninferiority, open-label, multicentre randomized controlled trial was conducted in Prague, Czech Republic. Some 161 patients, 18-65 years of age diagnosed with uncomplicated urogenital, rectal, or pharyngeal gonorrhoea by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) were randomized to treatment with single dose of cefixime 800 mg plus doxycycline 100 mg twice a day for 1 week or a single dose of ceftriaxone 1 g intramuscularly plus single dose of azithromycin 2 g.

COVID-19 crisis interlinkage with past pandemics and their effects on food security.

Background: Pandemics as health and humanitarian crises have exerted traceable impacts on food security. Almost all past and current pandemics have created a food crisis that affects a share of the global population and threaten global food security. With the more frequent outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging diseases or pandemics, this paper looks at the various types of impacts from the current coronavirus crisis and past pandemics to identify their major impact on food security.

Visualization of molecular stacking using low-energy electron microscopy.

The design of metal-organic interfaces with atomic precision enables the fabrication of highly efficient devices with tailored functionality. The possibility of fast and reliable analysis of molecular stacking order at the interface is of crucial importance, as the interfacial stacking order of molecules directly influences the quality and functionality of fabricated organic-based devices. Dark-field (DF) imaging using Low-Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) allows the visualization of areas with a specific structure or symmetry.

Wild Mushrooms as a Source of Protein: A Case Study from Central Europe, Especially the Czech Republic.

Wild mushroom foraging has a long tradition, especially in the region of Central Europe. Wild mushrooms are a valuable food resource, as they provide nutritional benefits to the European population. They offer a relatively high content of protein and are traditionally used in many European cuisines as a substitute for meat.

Animal tracing with sulfur isotopes: Spatial segregation and climate variability in Africa likely contribute to population trends of a migratory songbird.

Climatic conditions affect animals but range-wide impacts at the population level remain largely unknown, especially in migratory species. However, studying climate-population relationships is still challenging in small migrants due to a lack of efficient and cost-effective geographic tracking method. Spatial distribution patterns of environmental stable isotopes (so called 'isoscapes') generally overcome these limitations but none of the currently available isoscapes provide a substantial longitudinal gradient in species-rich sub-Saharan Africa.

Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in patients with tandem lesion in the anterior circulation: analysis from the METRICS study.

Background: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to anterior circulation tandem lesion (TL) remains a technical and clinical challenge for endovascular treatment (EVT). Conflicting results from observational studies and missing evidence from the randomized trials led us to report a recent real-world multicenter clinical experience and evaluate possible predictors of good outcome after EVT.

Methods: We analyzed all AIS patients with TL enrolled in the prospective national study METRICS (Mechanical Thrombectomy Quality Indicators Study in Czech Stroke Centers).

Remarkably stable metal-organic frameworks on an inert substrate: M-TCNQ on graphene (M = Ni, Fe, Mn).

Potential applications of 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOF) require the frameworks to be monophase and well-defined at the atomic scale, to be decoupled from the supporting substrate, and to remain stable at the application conditions. Here, we present three systems meeting this elusive set of requirements: M-TCNQ (M = Ni, Fe, Mn) on epitaxial graphene/Ir(111). We study the systems experimentally by scanning tunneling microscopy, low energy electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Mechanical Thrombectomy Quality Indicators Study in Czech Stroke Centers: Results of the METRICS Study.

Background And Purpose: Rigorous and regular evaluation of defined quality indicators is crucial for further improvement of both technical and clinical results after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Following the recent international multi-society consensus quality indicators, we aimed to assess trend in these indicators on national level.

Material And Methods: The prospective multicenter study (METRICS) was conducted in Czech Republic (CR) in year 2019.

Current coronavirus crisis and past pandemics - What can happen in post-COVID-19 agriculture?

Currently, there is an alarming increase in food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic in many countries throughout the world. This will be seen particularly in the countries of the Global South (developing countries). Many countries are trying to show efforts to keep agriculture, food industry and markets running, the supply chains and access to the markets and affordable food is still not secured.

Nationwide screening for Fabry disease in unselected stroke patients.

Background And Aims: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by disease-associated variants in the alpha-galactosidase A gene (GLA). FD is a known cause of stroke in younger patients. There are limited data on prevalence of FD and stroke risk in unselected stroke patients.

Detection and utility of cell-free and circulating tumour DNA in bone and soft-tissue sarcomas.

Aims: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) are used for prognostication and monitoring in patients with carcinomas, but their utility is unclear in sarcomas. The objectives of this pilot study were to explore the prognostic significance of cfDNA and investigate whether tumour-specific alterations can be detected in the circulation of sarcoma patients.

Methods: Matched tumour and blood were collected from 64 sarcoma patients (n = 70 samples) prior to resection of the primary tumour (n = 57) or disease recurrence (n = 7).

Nitrate-Alkaline Pulp from Non-Wood Plants.

Because there is a lack of wood resources in many countries, this work focused on pulp and paper production from the waste and agricultural residues of non-wood plants. The work aimed to pulp the nitrate-alkaline of black mustard ( L.) and camelina ( L.

Global Impact of COVID-19 on Stroke Care and IV Thrombolysis.

Objective: To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.

Physicochemical Properties of Biobutanol as an Advanced Biofuel.

Biobutanol is a renewable, less polluting, and potentially viable alternative fuel to conventional gasoline. Biobutanol can be produced from same sources as bioethanol, and it has many advantages over the widespread bioethanol. This paper systematically analyzes biobutanol fuel as an alternative to bioethanol in alcohol-gasoline mixtures and the physicochemical properties.

Effects of blood parasite infections on spatiotemporal migration patterns and activity budgets in a long-distance migratory passerine.

How blood parasite infections influence the migration of hosts remains a lively debated issue as past studies found negative, positive, or no response to infections. This particularly applies to small birds, for which monitoring of detailed migration behavior over a whole annual cycle has been technically unachievable so far. Here, we investigate how bird migration is influenced by parasite infections.