Preliminary study of hypoxia markers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

While the association of hypoxia has been established in various types of solid cancers, little is known about its presence and existence in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in DLBCL and to analyze the association of these factors with several clinical and pathological characteristics. The immunohistochemical protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-A was investigated in 34 DLBCL tumor samples from January 2017 to December 2017 from the Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology and Anatomical Pathology at Dr Kariadi Hospital (Semarang, Indonesia).