Targeted esterase-induced dye (TED) loading supports direct calcium imaging in eukaryotic cell-free systems.

Calcium imaging is an important functional tool for analysing ion channels, transporters and pumps for drug screening in living cells. Depicted eukaryotic cell-free systems utilize microsomes, derived from the endoplasmic reticulum to incorporate the synthesized membrane proteins-like ion channels. Carboxylesterase is required to cleave the acetoxymethyl ester moiety of the chemical calcium indicators in order to ensure its immobility across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

Phenylalanine hydroxylase contributes to serotonin synthesis in mice.

Serotonin is an important signaling molecule in the periphery and in the brain. The hydroxylation of tryptophan is the first and rate-limiting step of its synthesis. In most vertebrates, two enzymes have been described to catalyze this step, tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) 1 and 2, with expression localized to peripheral and neuronal cells, respectively.

Neuropeptide B promotes proliferation and differentiation of rat brown primary preadipocytes.

Neuropeptide B (NPB) is reported to regulate energy homeostasis and metabolism via the NPBWR1 and NPBWR2 receptors in various tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms triggered from their interaction are not well investigated in brown adipose tissue. In this study, we specifically analyzed the role of NPB in controlling brown adipogenesis in rat brown preadipocytes.

TRPM8 Activation via 3-Iodothyronamine Blunts VEGF-Induced Transactivation of TRPV1 in Human Uveal Melanoma Cells.

In human uveal melanoma (UM), tumor enlargement is associated with increases in aqueous humor vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) content that induce neovascularization. 3-Iodothyronamine (3-TAM), an endogenous thyroid hormone metabolite, activates TRP melastatin 8 (TRPM8), which blunts TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation by capsaicin (CAP) in human corneal, conjunctival epithelial cells, and stromal cells. We compare here the effects of TRPM8 activation on VEGF-induced transactivation of TRPV1 in an UM cell line (92.

Upregulation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type-1 Channel Activity and Ca2+ Influx Dysfunction in Human Pterygial Cells.

Purpose: The heat-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel (i.e., capsaicin [CAP] receptor) is upregulated in numerous cancers.

3-Iodothyronamine increases transient receptor potential melastatin channel 8 (TRPM8) activity in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells.

3-Iodothyronamine (3T1AM) is an endogenous thyroid hormone metabolite that interacts with the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (hTAAR1), a G-protein-coupled receptor, to induce numerous physiological responses including dose-dependent body temperature lowering in rodents. 3T1AM also directly activates cold-sensitive transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) channels in human conjunctival epithelial cells (HCjEC) at constant temperature as well as reducing rises in IL-6 release induced by transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation by capsaicin (CAP). Here, we describe that 3T1AM-induced TRPM8 activation suppresses through crosstalk TRPV1 activation in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC).