Expression of mTOR, CD163, α-SMA, FOXp3 as survival predictors and its significance in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral cancer; categorised under head and neck cancers (HNC) predominantly originates from squamous cells and is referred as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Various factors (internal and external) causes OSCC. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are known to be primarily mutated in HNC.

Clinically Suspicious Cases of Hansen's Disease at a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India: A Clinicopathological Study.

Background and objective Hansen's disease, also known as leprosy, is a chronic granulomatous condition caused by , primarily affecting the skin and peripheral nerves. The disease has a wide spectrum of clinical and histopathological manifestations, often mimicking other inflammatory and infectious conditions. This variability poses significant challenges in its early diagnosis and management.

A Rare Case of Lymphoproliferative Disorder in Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Lymphoproliferative disorders in pregnancy are rare. Among that, Castleman disease is an uncommon lymphoproliferative disorder in pregnancy with an unknown etiology. Many cases have not been encountered more often in practice and are easily misdiagnosed due to their rarity.

Granulomatous Thyroiditis Post Tuberculosis Infection Mimicking a Neoplasm.

Granulomatous thyroiditis is a diffuse inflammation of the thyroid gland that has a wide range of etiologies like viral, bacterial, and autoimmune conditions. The most common type is subacute granulomatous thyroiditis due to viral infection, seen in the middle-aged group and affects women. A 65-year-old woman, presented with complaints of anterior neck swelling for three months.

Neurological Consequences of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Relationship Between Stroke, Cognitive Decline, and Heart Rhythm Disorders.

Cardiac arrhythmias are one of the most common disorders with high morbidity and mortality. The effect of cardiac arrhythmias on the brain is very pronounced due to the high sensitivity of the brain to oxygen and blood supply. This mortality is preventable by early diagnosis and treatment which improves the patient's quality of life.

Cytological Diagnosis Suggesting Candidal Infection of the Nasolacrimal Duct in an Uncontrolled Diabetic Patient With Gingival Abscess.

In this unique cytology case of a 64-year-old diabetic male who presented with left-sided facial swelling between the ala and lateral canthus of the left eye, conventional fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was done. FNAC of the swelling showed desquamated epithelial cells from the nasolacrimal duct and abundant proteinaceous material admixed with fungal organisms like that of budding yeast forms, morphologically resembling Candida on May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. Special stain with periodic acid-Schiff revealed positivity for budding yeast forms.

Epithelioid leiomyosarcoma: An unusual presentation.

Uterine mesenchymal tumors are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that can be diagnostically challenging. Thorough investigations and histopathological findings are highly significant to arrive at the correct diagnosis, thus ensuring appropriate and prompt treatment to the patient. Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an uncommon uterine malignancy, which arises from the smooth muscle of the uterine wall.

Thyromegaly: Not The Usual Cause.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the thyroid is a very rare condition. Swelling of the neck is the usual presentation among patients. Of all thyroid malignancies, only a very small portion accounts for NHL of the thyroid.

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Center.

Introduction:  Colorectal cancer is one of the malignancies in which angiogenesis has been implicated and its importance at different stages of malignant disease. Neovascularization begins when the angiogenic switch is turned on and when angiogenesis activators outweigh angiogenic inhibitors. The process of blood vessel formation is regulated through several growth factor systems.

Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Gastric Cancer.

Background Matrix-metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is expressed by a wide range of cells and plays a significant role in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment of various cancers including gastric cancer. This study aims at the correlation of MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer with existing prognostic factors. Methods The MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer was identified by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody in paraffin-embedded sections, correlated with various clinicopathological parameters, and statistically analyzed.

Detection of Human Leukocyte Antigen B27 by Flowcytometry in Patients With Suspected Ankylosing Spondylitis in a Tertiary Care Centre.

Introduction Human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27) is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Hence, HLA-B27 testing is routinely used in the diagnosis of AS. Objectives We aimed to establish the frequency of HLA-B27 in AS patients by flow cytometry and relate the differences between B27+ and B27- cases to the serum concentrations of rheumatoid arthritis factor (RA), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP).

Biological Reference Interval for Hematological Profile of Umbilical Cord Blood: A Study Conducted at A Tertiary Care Centre in South India.

Introduction: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) a source of hematopoietic stem cells, is also an acceptable sample to assess neonatal sepsis. Though reports are available for stem cell counts very minimal literature is available regarding hematologic parameters, which may vary on ethnicity.

Aim: To establish biological reference interval for hematological parameters of umbilical cord blood to guide neonatologists, hematopoietic stem cell transplant specialists and future analysis.