In-Patient Multimodal Intensive Neurorehabilitation and Care Improve Motor and Non-Motor Functions in the Moderately Advanced Stages of Parkinson's Disease: A Retrospective Study in a U.S. Facility.

(1) Background: Previous studies, mostly performed in European centers, have shown that in-patient multimodal intensive rehabilitation treatments lasting for two to four weeks can improve both motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) with long-lasting effects. Here, we ascertain the effects of a similar in-patient program in a U.S.

Diets Varying in Carbohydrate Content Differentially Alter Brain Activity in Homeostatic and Reward Regions in Adults.

Background: Obesity has one of the highest refractory rates of all chronic diseases, in part because weight loss induced by calorie restriction, the first-line treatment for obesity, elicits biological adaptations that promote weight regain. Although acute feeding trials suggest a role for macronutrient composition in modifying brain activity related to hunger and satiety, relevance of these findings to weight-loss maintenance has not been studied.

Objectives: We investigated effects of weight-loss maintenance diets varying in macronutrient content on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in brain regions involved in hunger and reward.

Resting-State Brain Connectivity Predicts Weight Loss and Cognitive Control of Eating Behavior After Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy.

Objective: The effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on functional connectivity (FC) and associations with weight loss and eating-related cognitive control were investigated.

Methods: In a longitudinal study, 14 SG patients (13 female; 42.1 presurgery BMI) completed study visits 1 month pre surgery and 12 months post surgery.

Divergent associations between ghrelin and neural responsivity to palatable food in hyperphagic and hypophagic depression.

Background: The neurobiological mechanisms involved in divergent appetitive phenotypes in major depressive disorder (MDD) are not well understood, although recent data suggest disruption in mesolimbic reward circuitry. Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone, has been shown to modulate the reward circuitry. We aimed to investigate the relationship between acylated ghrelin levels and the neural response to food stimuli in individuals with hyperphagic and hypophagic MDD in remission.