Use of Machine Learning to Predict Individual Postprandial Glycemic Responses to Food Among Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes in India: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality globally and affects more than 100 million people in the world's most populous country, India. Nutrition is a critical and evidence-based component of effective blood glucose control and most dietary advice emphasizes carbohydrate and calorie reduction. Emerging global evidence demonstrates marked interindividual differences in postprandial glucose response (PPGR) although no such data exists in India and previous studies have primarily evaluated PPGR variation in individuals without diabetes.

Trends in age-specific incidence, mortality, and DALYs of female breast cancer from 1990 to 2021.

Objectives: Breast cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. This study aims to analyze the trends in breast cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across different age groups from 1990 to 2021, and to project the mortality rate for the next decade.

Methods: Global breast cancer data were analyzed, focusing on three distinct age groups: 15-49 years, 50-69 years, and 70+ years.

ROHHAD NET in Retrospect: Key Lessons Learned from Five Cases.

Objectives: To present cases of rapid onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) and discuss management insights.

Methods: Case records of patients fulfilling the criteria for ROHHAD and presenting to the Pediatric Endocrinology Division of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, between July 2019 and June 2024 were reviewed for clinical features, treatments, and outcomes.

Results: Five patients (4 boys, 1 girl) presented at a median age of 4 y (range 3.

Advanced Liquid-Entrapped Nanosurfaces for Optimized Atmospheric Water Harvesting.

Our study addresses the pressing global freshwater scarcity crisis by engineering advanced liquid-entrapped nanosurfaces optimized for highly efficient atmospheric water harvesting (AWH). Through a synergistic approach integrating carbon fiber paper (CFP), hydrothermally synthesized nanoneedles (NNs), and silicone oil liquid entrapment (LE) within NNs, we achieved remarkable improvements in water collection efficiency. While CFP captures fog effectively during AWH, it faces challenges with water-pinning effects, mitigated by NNs' improved droplet-spreading properties, leading to a notable 50% increase in harvesting efficiency.

Does economic policy uncertainty, nuclear energy, and crude oil influence CO emissions? A sectoral growth analysis on G20 countries.

The G20 nations collectively accounted for a significant portion of global CO emissions due to their vast economies and rising energy demand. While some G20 nations have made substantial efforts to reduce their emissions through policies such as renewable energy incentives and carbon pricing, others may still heavily rely on fossil fuels for energy production and industrial processes. Therefore, this recent study endeavoured to investigate the relationship between nuclear energy consumption (NEC), crude oil (CO), and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) with CO emissions in three economic sectors of G20 nations.

A Case Report of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Isolated Mononeuropathy Multiplex.

Mononeuropathy multiplex is a pattern of progressive sensory and motor deficits in the distribution of two or more peripheral nerves. The differential for mononeuropathy multiplex includes vasculitis, autoimmune disorders, infectious diseases, sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, cryoglobulinemia, and paraneoplastic disease. We present a case of a 42-year-old woman with hypothyroidism who presented with 1 week of ascending numbness and weakness, persistent fevers, and 3 months of constant burning pain in both feet.

Is Virtual Reality Effective in Decreasing Pain during Clinical Procedures among Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) refers to a computer-generated simulation or environment that can be experienced and interacted with by a person through special electronic equipment, such as a headset with a screen and motion-tracking sensors. VR has been used as a distraction technique to alleviate pain and discomfort during medical procedures or as an alternative to traditional pain medication. This article explores VR's effectiveness in reducing pain in pediatric patients undergoing painful clinical procedures.

Metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma of mandible.

Oral metastasis from the colon is quite rare with limited reporting and scientific evidence. The most common metastasis from colorectal cancer is to the liver followed by lungs, bones, and other organs. However rare occurrences like metastasis to the oral cavity might worsen the prognosis and treatment outcome.

Therapeutic use of music in neurological disorders: A concise narrative review.

Background: Music elicits multifactorial benefits in emotional, social, cognitive, and academic aspects of human life. Music is clinically proven to reduce stress and anxiety, and improve mood and self-expression, particularly after traumatic events. Studies have also demonstrated that music promotes parasympathetic autonomic systems, suppresses hyperactivation of stress responses, and boosts immune functions.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence Compared to Biopsy in Detecting Early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis.

Objective: To summarize and compare the existing evidence on diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) models in detecting early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Method: Review was performed in accordance to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis - Diagnostic Test Accuracy (PRISMA- DTA) checklist and the review protocol is registered under PROSPERO(CRD42023456355). PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCOhost were searched from January 2000 to November 2023 to identify the diagnostic potential of AI based tools and models.

Uterine Biosynthesis through Tissue Engineering: An Overview of Current Methods and Status.

In the last few decades, the rates of infertility among women have been on the rise, usually due to complications with the uterus and related tissue. A wide variety of reasons can cause uterine factor infertility and can be congenital or a result of disease. Uterine transplantation is currently used as a means to enable women with fertility issues to have a natural birth.

Atypical mycobacterial keratitis: Clinical outcome in nonrefractive surgery cases.

Purpose: To identify the predisposing factors, clinico-microbiological profiles, and treatment responses in patients with atypical mycobacterial keratitis.

Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed patients who presented at a tertiary eyecare center in eastern India with atypical mycobacterial keratitis between 2008 and 2021. The diagnostic criteria included cases positive for acid-fast bacilli on Ziehl-Nielsen stain or culture.

Lower Hemoglobin Levels as a Risk Factor for the Development of Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an important cause of visual morbidity among preterm infants. The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between the initial hematological parameters of the complete blood count (CBC) and ROP development in preterm neonates.

Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a neonatal intensive care unit in Odisha.

Microkeratome versus manually dissected donor tissue for Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty: A randomized prospective study.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcomes, postoperative complications, and graft asymmetry between precut and manually dissected donor tissues for Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) procedures, respectively.

Methods: Seventy eyes of 70 patients undergoing DSEK/DSAEK at a tertiary eyecare center in eastern India were included in this prospective randomized control study. The 70 eyes were divided equally into two groups.

Cause-specific survival analysis of gynecological cancers among a non-White population: a SEER-based study.

Gynecological cancers are the most prevalent cancers in women, making them a major public health concern for decades. Health disparities and inequalities in access to care among different racial groups have been a major concern in the US healthcare system. This study was aimed at investigating cause-specific survival rates among non-White women with gynecological cancer and to identify risk factors associated with gynecological cancer mortality by race.

Filamentary keratitis: A review.

Filamentary keratitis (FK) is a clinical sign of underlying ocular and systemic conditions. FK can cause significant irritation, tearing, and photophobia in the eye. It is a refractory debilitating condition caused by dry eye that affects the day-to-day activities of patients.

The Accuracy of Casts Obtained Using Different Impression Techniques and Impression Materials in Combined Parallel and Angulated Implants: An In Vitro Study.

Aim The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of casts made from two elastomeric impression materials (polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) and vinylsiloxanether (VSE)) using different impression techniques on parallel and angulated implants. Materials and methods The reference model was fabricated using auto-polymerizing acrylic resin on which three implant analogs were placed of which two were parallel to each other and the third at 20-degree mesial angulation. A total of 60 impressions were made of which 30 were by using PVS and 30 by VSE.

Trends in gynecological cancer incidence, mortality, and survival among elderly women: A SEER study.

Objectives: This paper aims to comprehensively analyze trends in gynecological cancers among elderly women in the United States from 1975 to 2020.

Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population data were utilized for the analysis. Annual Percentage Change (APC) and Average APC were estimated using join-point regression to assess trends in mortality rates.

Microbiological Profile of Culture-Positive Fungal Keratitis.

Purpose: To examine the microbiological profile of cases of culture-positive fungal keratitis presenting to a tertiary eye care center in eastern India.

Methods: Microbiology records of all culture-positive microbial keratitis patients presenting to L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, between January 2020 and December 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Collected data included smear results of culture-positive fungal or mixed infections, the species isolated, and the time taken for organisms to grow in each media.

Evaluation of the Function of Vitamin D in Treating Oral Lichen Planus.

Objectives: The objective of the current research was to evaluate the role of vitamin D in the management of oral lichen planus.

Materials And Method: Based on their vitamin D levels, 90 individuals with oral lichen planus were equally divided into three groups. Deficient subjects received oral vitamin D supplementation.