The transcriptional landscape of Arabidopsis thaliana pattern-triggered immunity.

Plants tailor their metabolism to environmental conditions, in part through the recognition of a wide array of self and non-self molecules. In particular, the perception of microbial or plant-derived molecular patterns by cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) induces pattern-triggered immunity, which includes massive transcriptional reprogramming. An increasing number of plant PRRs and corresponding ligands are known, but whether plants tune their immune outputs to patterns of different biological origins or of different biochemical natures remains mostly unclear.

Transcriptional Regulation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Development.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is an ancient symbiosis between land plants and fungi of the glomeromycotina that is widespread in the plant kingdom. AM improves plant nutrition, stress resistance and general plant performance, and thus represents a promising addition to sustainable agricultural practices. In return for delivering mineral nutrients, the obligate biotrophic AM fungi receive up to 20% of the photosynthetically fixed carbon from the plant.

Lipid transfer from plants to arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbioses contribute to global carbon cycles as plant hosts divert up to 20% of photosynthate to the obligate biotrophic fungi. Previous studies suggested carbohydrates as the only form of carbon transferred to the fungi. However, fatty acid (FA) synthesis has not been observed in AM fungi in absence of the plant.

A CCaMK-CYCLOPS-DELLA Complex Activates Transcription of RAM1 to Regulate Arbuscule Branching.

Intracellular arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis between plants and glomeromycotan fungi leads to formation of highly branched fungal arbuscules that release mineral nutrients to the plant host. Their development is regulated in plants by a mechanistically unresolved interplay between symbiosis, nutrient, and hormone (gibberellin) signaling. Using a positional cloning strategy and a retrotransposon insertion line, we identify two novel alleles of Lotus japonicus REDUCED ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA1 (RAM1) encoding a GRAS protein.

Cloning and expression of a tyrosinase from Aspergillus oryzae in Yarrowia lipolytica: application in L-DOPA biotransformation.

Amplification of the tyrosinase gene (melO) from the genomic DNA of Aspergillus oryzae NCIM 1212 yielded a 1.6-kb product. This gene was cloned into pYLEX1, and the resulting pTyro-YLEX1 vector was transformed in Yarrowia lipolytica strain Po 1 g.