A Qualitative Study on the Burden of Nonadherence to Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Jharkhand, India.

Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is the most important factor in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study examines the level of nonadherence to ART and the predictors of interventions to improve ART adherence in Jharkhand, a state with a predominance of tribes.

Methods: The present study was conducted at the ART center, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, Jharkhand.

Impact of E-Learning and Predictable Practical Learning Expectations During the Covid-19 Pandemic on Dental Graduates.

Background: Dental education is facing hitherto unheard-of difficulties as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, which calls for quick adaption to remote learning methods. The purpose of this study was to look at how dental graduates were affected by the COVID-19 epidemic and the effects of e-learning and predictable practical learning expectations.

Methods: Data from dental college graduates were gathered using a mixed-methods approach that included questionnaires and interviews.

A Comparative Study on Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Adherence Among the Tribal and Non-tribal Populations Living With HIV/AIDS in Ranchi, India.

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most serious public health exigencies across the globe. However, equally brawny is the global commitment to halt new HIV infections from occurring and ensure that everyone with the disease has access to HIV treatment.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at an antiretroviral therapy (ART) center in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India, in 2023.

Pleural effusion guidelines from ICS and NCCP Section 1: Basic principles, laboratory tests and pleural procedures.

Pleural effusion is a common problem in our country, and most of these patients need invasive tests as they can't be evaluated by blood tests alone. The simplest of them is diagnostic pleural aspiration, and diagnostic techniques such as medical thoracoscopy are being performed more frequently than ever before. However, most physicians in India treat pleural effusion empirically, leading to delays in diagnosis, misdiagnosis and complications from wrong treatments.

Improved antioxidant and anti-tubercular potential of liquiritigenin grafted on low molecular weight chitosan from gladius of Sepioteuthis lessoniana.

Chitosan (CH) is natural abundant biopolymer present on earth after cellulose. CH can be functionalized by numerous functional groups such as amino and carboxyl groups, potential biologically active compounds. The functionalization of CH with polyphenols had a greater biological than non-grafted CH.

An assessment of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of root repair materials.

Background: The success of the root-end procedure depends on the regeneration of the functional periodontal attachment system, including the cementum on the resected root-end surface, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone. As root end filling materials remain in close contact with live periapical tissues, they may influence the endodontic treatment outcome.

Aim: To assess and compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three root repair materials, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), endosequence, and geristore in human-cultured periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

Tuberculin test using Indian indigenous purified-protein derivative (PPD) shows only moderate agreement with international standard PPD.

Background: In India, the prevalence of Latent TB infection (LTBI) is estimated to be around 40%. Various formulations of PPD(Purified protein derivative) are available, for diagnosis of LTBI, which may give variable responses. The commercially available PPD in India is by Arkray Healthcare (TST-Arkray).

Natural course of non-center-involving diabetic macular edema progression in patients under initial observation.

Purpose: We aim to report the natural course of non-center involving diabetic macular edema (NCIDME) progression to center involving diabetic macular edema (CIDME) and associated risk factors.

Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective comparative study. Data was collected from electronic medical records from 8 centers in India covering.

Myofibroma of mandibular alveolus: A case report.

Phenotypic heterogeneity has been a complex phenomenon lately, fetching attention in tumour pathology. Myofibroblastic differentiation is one such example and, besides, functional heterogeneity contributes to the biological behaviour of the tumours. Myofibroma is a distinctive neoplasm of myofibroblasts with a low incidence rate in the oral cavity.

Expression of CD 20 B-Lymphocyte in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative immunohistochemistry study.

Background: As the progressive trends in the field of immunotherapy, it is very favourable to reconsider the role played by B lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment. Both the protumorogenic and antitumorogenic responses have to be evaluated to formulate an effective immunotherapeutic protocol.

Aim And Objective: The study was primarily conducted to assess the qualitative expression of B lymphocytes in pretumorogenic (oral epithelial dysplasia) and tumorogenic environment (oral squamous cell carcinoma).

Comparative Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Conventional and Modified with Chitosan, Titanium Dioxide Nanopowder and Nanohydroxyapatite: An Study.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of different add-ons on the flexural strength (FS) of glass ionomer cement (GIC).

Materials And Methods: Around 72 samples were fabricated and divided among the following six different groups: group I-control (conventional GIC-nonmodified), group II-GIC powder modified with 3% titanium dioxide (TiO) and liquid is unmodified, group III-powder modified with 10% nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and liquid is unmodified, group IV-powder is unmodified and Liquid is modified with 10% chitosan (CH), group V-powder is modified with 3% TiO and liquid is modified with 10% CH, and group VI-powder is modified with 10% nHA and liquid is modified with 10% CH. The samples were then subjected to a three-point bending test on a universal testing machine for the evaluation of FS.

Lymph nodes in health and disease - A pathologist's perspective.

A lymph node (LN) being a unique immunological organ has the ability to adapt when exposed to emigrants. The structural and architectural components are tampered, and it acts as an efficient immune checker in the presence of an antigen and also exhibits a morphological drift when neoplastic cells evade the organ. So, understanding the basics of histology of a lymph node is essential for the better identification and interpretation of pathological events occurring in a lymph node.

Insight into the Various Approaches for the Enhancement of Bioavailability and Pharmacological Potency of Terpenoids: A Review.

Terpenoids are naturally occurring secondary metabolites that consist of isoprene units (i.e., 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene).

Impact of Undernutrition on Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in India: A Multicenter, Prospective, Cohort Analysis.

Background: Undernutrition is the leading risk factor for tuberculosis (TB) globally. Its impact on treatment outcomes is poorly defined.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort analysis of adults with drug-sensitive pulmonary TB at 5 sites from 2015-2019.

Phthalate migration and its effects on poly(vinyl chloride)-based footwear: pathways, influence of environmental conditions, and the possibility of human exposure.

The study of phthalate migration in footwear is important from an environmental viewpoint and the consumer health perspective as it remains in direct contact with the user for a long time. In this research article, the migration of phthalate, specifically di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from the poly(vinyl chloride) PVC) shoe sole to the attached leather insole has been studied for six months under different environmental conditions. After one month, the DEHP concentration in the PVC sole decreased by 45-58%, and that in the leather insole increased from 0.

Diagnostic performance and survival outcome following sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients from a tertiary cancer centre in India.

Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for axillary staging in early node-negative breast cancer (BC) patients in developed countries. However, in resource-constrained developing countries, adoption of SLNB is slow due to logistic issues and lack of outcome data from non-screened BC cohort. Therefore, we aim to report diagnostic performance, surgical morbidity and survival outcome of SLNB in BC patients from a tertiary care cancer centre in India.

Teaching breast cancer surgery in India: challenges and opportunities.

Breast cancer (BC) incidence is increasing in India, and we need well-trained breast surgeons to deliver quality care to patients. However, BC surgery training in India is highly variable, evolving slowly and needs to be structured urgently. This article summarises the challenges and way forward for BC surgery training in India.

Evaluating the Efficacy of the Occlusal Splint on the Muscle Activity with the Transducer in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome.

Aim: A prospective study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy for the management of temporomandibular joint disorder.

Objective: This study recorded the activity of anterior temporalis and masseter muscles in patients with TMD using a transducer before and after conservative management with splint therapy.

Results: The results suggested that VAS mean dropped from 21.

Treatment of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome With a Tabletop Noninvasive Ventilation Device in a Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit.

Objective: To study the outcomes of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) administered through a tabletop device for coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome in the respiratory intermediate care unit (RIMCU) at a tertiary care hospital in India.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of hospitalized patients deteriorating despite low-flow oxygen support who received protocolized management with positive airway pressure using a tabletop NIV device in the RIMCU as a step-up rescue therapy from July 30, 2020 to November 14, 2020. Treatment was commenced on the continuous positive airway pressure mode up to a pressure of 10 cm of HO, and if required, inspiratory pressures were added using the bilevel positive air pressure mode.

Saliva as an alternative non-invasive biomarker for the estimation of uric acid levels during pregnancy: A longitudinal study.

Background: Pregnancy is a physiological condition in which the maternal environment undergoes many changes. Serum uric acid (UA) levels have been used for the early diagnosis of preeclampsia, predictor of reduced birth weight and fetal outcome. UA is also expressed in saliva, and collection of saliva sample is a noninvasive method which will be more acceptable by the patients.

Oxygen desaturation index as alternative parameter in screening patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: Assess reliability of oxygen desaturation index (ODI) as an alternative parameter to apnea hypopnea index (AHI) in screening patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Material And Methods: Retrospectively two-year data on demography, anthropometric features, polysomnography (PSG) parameters [AHI, ODI, minimum oxygen saturation (SpO2), mean SpO2], and Epworth sleepiness score (ESS) were collected and analyzed.

Results: Study showed significant correlation of ESS with AHI, ODI, apnea-hypopnea percentage of sleep period time (AH%SPT), mean SpO2 and minimum SpO2 with highest correlation being with AHI.

Effect of non-sentinel metastasis on adjuvant treatment decisions and survival in Z0011 eligible non-screened detected breast cancer population.

Background: The Z0011 trial results have shown that axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) can be avoided in cT1-2 patients undergoing breast conservation surgery with 1-2 metastatic sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). We compared the clinicopathological characteristics of the Z0011 eligible non-screen detected breast cancer patients' cohort with the Z0011 trial study population. Additionally, we have explored the effect of non-sentinel metastasis on adjuvant treatment decisions and survival.

Site specificity and expression profile of miR-21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity which has evolved globally as a grave and growing health problem. It shares a wide geographic variation with respect to the incidence rate and exhibits anatomic adaptation to oral environment with varied clinical presentation along with a spectrum of histological mélange. Besides, in recent cancer research, both genetics and epigenetics add on at the molecular level and accounts for this diversification and tumor heterogeneity of OSCC and thereby substantiates to the miRNA expression profiling in OSCC.

Cheiloscopy and dermatoglyphics in normal and obese individuals: A study in Indian subpopulation.

Background: The prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing worldwide. Reliable and noninvasive tools that can be used to diagnose such conditions may help us in mass screening and prevention. Finger prints and lip prints have been used as the genetic markers in some diseases such as diabetes mellitus.