Molecular and physiological changes in the SpaceX Inspiration4 civilian crew.

Human spaceflight has historically been managed by government agencies, such as in the NASA Twins Study, but new commercial spaceflight opportunities have opened spaceflight to a broader population. In 2021, the SpaceX Inspiration4 mission launched the first all-civilian crew to low Earth orbit, which included the youngest American astronaut (aged 29), new in-flight experimental technologies (handheld ultrasound imaging, smartwatch wearables and immune profiling), ocular alignment measurements and new protocols for in-depth, multi-omic molecular and cellular profiling. Here we report the primary findings from the 3-day spaceflight mission, which induced a broad range of physiological and stress responses, neurovestibular changes indexed by ocular misalignment, and altered neurocognitive functioning, some of which match those of long-term spaceflight, but almost all of which did not differ from baseline (pre-flight) after return to Earth.

Impact of a one-day three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography workshop on clinical practice at a single academic centre.

Background: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a powerful diagnostic tool which has become an integral part in the management of cardiac surgery patients. We developed a one-day 3D TEE workshop specifically designed to meet the needs of perioperative cardiac anaesthesiologists. We hypothesized that participation in the workshop would increase the uptake of 3D TEE in routine perioperative practice.

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura After Ad6.COV2.S Vaccination.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is caused by the deficiency of ADAMTS13, a von Willebrand factor cleaving protease, which results in thrombotic microangiopathy. It is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and microvascular thrombosis leading to organ damage. It has an extremely high mortality rate if left untreated, making early diagnosis and treatment of the utmost importance.

Lifetime child sexual abuse assessed at age 18: A survey of college students from Kerala, India.

Estimates of child sexual abuse (CSA) during adolescence may undercount exposure and retrospective recollection in adulthood may be prone to recall bias. Thus, a more accurate and CSA may be possible if the question is examined in a large sample of 18 years old. This study examined the prevalence and psychosocial correlates of CSA among college-going 18 years olds.

Tobacco use among college students in Kerala, India.

Background & Objectives: Despite tobacco use among college students being a major health concern, data remain sparse from India. It is in this background that this study aimed to report the prevalence of tobacco use and its psychosocial correlates among college students in the State of Kerala, India.

Methods: A total of 5784 students from 58 colleges from Ernakulam district, Kerala, selected by cluster random sampling and were provided with self-administered questionnaire.

Does academic streams influence alcohol use in colleges?

Background: Alcohol use among college students is a major public health priority owing to its high prevalence and numerous negative outcomes. Most interventions targeting alcohol use among college students consider them as a homogenous entity. There is preliminary evidence from high-income countries that patterns of alcohol use differ across academic streams.

A Case of Muir-Torre Syndrome.

Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by dermatological tumors along with visceral malignancies. The dermatological manifestations include recurrent sebaceous adenomas and keratoacanthomas. The commonly seen visceral malignancies are colorectal, gynecological, and urological.

30-Day perioperative mortality following venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock in patients with normal preoperative ejection fraction.

Objectives: Assessment of early outcomes in patients with normal preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in whom venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) was implanted for postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) during the first postoperative 48 h.

Methods: Retrospective single-centre analysis in adult patients with normal LVEF, who received VA-ECMO support for PCCS from May 1998 to May 2018. The primary outcome was 30-day perioperative mortality during the index hospitalization.

Gender-Specific Correlates of Alcohol Use Among College Students in Kerala, India.

Background: Studies of alcohol use among college students in India have reported a male preponderance, but a recent large study suggested that alcohol use is increasing in young females. This increase in use among the young females is of concern as they experience poorer outcomes and a higher risk for addiction. Hence, we aimed to examine the gender-specific correlates of alcohol use among college students in the district of Ernakulum, Kerala.

Tobacco Use Among College Students Across Various Disciplines in Kerala, India.

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health concern in India. Its use in young people is linked to increased severity, longer duration, and reduced efforts to seek treatment for tobacco use. A significant proportion of young people are enrolled in colleges, and early prevention during this period has better effectiveness.

Harm from other people's drinking among college students in India.

Introduction And Aims: There is a paucity of studies on the harms experienced by college students from India due to others' drinking, despite their increased risk. We studied the prevalence and correlates of harm from others' drinking among college students in the state of Kerala, India.

Design And Methods: A total of 5784 students from 58 colleges completed a self-administered questionnaire, which included the World Health Organization-Thai Health Harm to Others from Drinking Master Protocol and other structured instruments to assess correlates.

Electrocardiogram-guided Technique: An Alternative Method for Confirming Central Venous Catheter Tip Placement.

Background: The current standard followed for assessing central venous catheter (CVC) tip placement location is through radiological confirmation using chest X-ray (CXR). Placement of CVCs under electrocardiogram (ECG) guidance may save cost and time compared to CXR.

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the accurate placement of the CVC tip using anatomical landmark technique with ECG-guided technique.

Correlates of High-Risk and Low-Risk Alcohol Use among College Students in Kerala, India.

This study describes the prevalence and correlates of alcohol use among college students in Ernakulam, Kerala State, India. A total of 5784 students from 58 colleges selected by stratified random sampling completed a questionnaire incorporating standardized instruments. The prevalence of lifetime alcohol use was 21.

Psychological distress among college students in Kerala, India-Prevalence and correlates.

Aims: To study the prevalence and correlates of psychological distress among college students in Kerala, India.

Material And Methods: 5784 students across 58 colleges were self-administered Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and other standardized instruments.

Results: The prevalence of psychological distress was 34.

Prevalence and correlates of obsessive-compulsive disorder and subthreshold obsessive-compulsive disorder among college students in Kerala, India.

Context: There are scarce data on the prevalence of adult obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in India.

Aims: The aim was to study the point prevalence of OCD and subthreshold OCD and its psychosocial correlates among college students in the district of Ernakulam, Kerala, India.

Settings And Design: A cross-sectional survey of 5784 students of the age range of 18-25 years from 58 colleges was conducted.

A cross-sectional study of problem gambling and its correlates among college students in South India.

Background: In the Western world, a significant portion of college students have gambled. College gamblers have one of the highest rates of problem gambling. To date, there have been no studies on gambling participation or the rates of problem gambling in India.

Relative expression of genes encoding SMAD signal transduction factors in human granulosa cells is correlated with oocyte quality.

Purpose: To determine the expression of SMAD transcripts in human granulosa cells.

Methods: Luteinized mural granulosa cells were harvested from forty women undergoing oocyte retrieval, and RNAs were isolated. SMAD expression levels were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (q-RTPCR).

Safety and efficacy of initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy in an integrated antenatal and HIV clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa.

Objective: To describe the safety and efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in pregnant women treated in an integrated antiretroviral antenatal clinic (ANC ARV).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients attending the ANC ARV from August 2004 through February 2007.

Results: Data were collected on 689 treatment-naive pregnant women initiated on HAART.

SPARC upregulates MT1-MMP expression, MMP-2 activation, and the secretion and cleavage of galectin-3 in U87MG glioma cells.

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is highly expressed in human gliomas and promotes glioma invasion. We have shown by cDNA array analysis that SPARC upregulates membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) transcripts. To confirm these findings at the protein level and determine whether SPARC expression correlates with increased MMP activity, we used Western blot to assess the levels of MT1-MMP, and gelatin zymography to assess MMP-2 levels and activity.

SPARC regulates extracellular matrix organization through its modulation of integrin-linked kinase activity.

SPARC, a 32-kDa matricellular glycoprotein, mediates interactions between cells and their extracellular matrix, and targeted deletion of Sparc results in compromised extracellular matrix in mice. Fibronectin matrix provides provisional tissue scaffolding during development and wound healing and is essential for the stabilization of mature extracellular matrix. Herein, we report that SPARC expression does not significantly affect fibronectin-induced cell spreading but enhances fibronectin-induced stress fiber formation and cell-mediated partial unfolding of fibronectin molecules, an essential process in fibronectin matrix assembly.