Dual-phase computed tomography for localization of parathyroid lesions in children and adolescents with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Childhood and adolescent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a rare disease caused by single adenomas in 65-94% of patients. In this patient group, there is no data on computed tomography (CT) for pre-operative parathyroid localization that may facilitate focused parathyroidectomy.

Methods: Two radiologists reviewed dual-phase (nonenhanced and arterial) CT images of twenty-three operated children and adolescents [20:single-gland disease(SGD), 3:multi-glandular disease(MGD)] with proven histopathological PHPT.

Comparison of the Sensitivity of Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT with Other Imaging Modalities in Detecting Head and Neck Paraganglioma: Experience from Western India.

 This study aimed to compare the sensitivity of Ga-DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with other imaging modalities in the detection of head and neck paraganglioma (HNPGL).  The data of consecutive HNPGL patients (  = 34) who had undergone at least Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT and anatomical imaging (contrast-enhanced computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging [CECT/MRI]) were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis of HNPGL (the primary tumor) was confirmed either by histopathology (  = 10) or was based on clinical follow-up and correlation of anatomical with functional imaging in whom histopathology was not available (  = 24).

Percentage arterial enhancement on 2D CT in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism: A prospective validation study and potential pitfalls.

Background: Parathyroid lesions are identified by subjective enhancement and washout patterns on computed tomography (CT). We have previously proposed "percentage arterial enhancement" (PAE) as an objective index and now aim to validate its performance prospectively.

Methods: Dual-phase CT was performed in 40 consecutive primary hyperparathyroidism patients.

Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Asian Indian Children and Adolescents with Primary Hyperparathyroidism.

Childhood and adolescent primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a very rare disease. Data on its molecular genetics are scarce. We performed a retrospective analysis (January 2000-January 2021) to determine the deleterious germline variants and genotype-phenotype correlations in children and adolescents < 20 years diagnosed with PHPT from a single referral center.

The Utility of Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in Localizing Primary/Metastatic Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma: Asian Indian Experience.

Purpose: Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PGL), together called PPGL, are rare tumors with a limited number of studies on the diagnostic performance of Ga-DOTA (0)-Tyr (3)-octreotate positron emission tomography-computed tomography (Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT) from the Asian-Indian subcontinent.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, PPGL suspects ( = 87) who had undergone at least contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, were included. Lesion-wise, patient-wise, and region-wise sensitivities of Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT (F-FDG PET/CT, = 53), I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-MIBG, = 37), and CECT were compared, and diagnostic performance of Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in the detection of PPGL was calculated.

Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT imaging in endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia: A tertiary endocrine centre experience.

Objective: Literature regarding utility of Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in insulinoma localization across various subgroups [benign/malignant/multiple endocrine neoplasia-1 (MEN-1) syndrome associated] remains scarce. In this study, the performance of Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT was compared with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) and Ga-NODAGA-Exendin-4 PET/CT (whenever available) in an endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (EHH) cohort.

Design: Retrospective audit.

Preoperative prediction of parathyroid carcinoma in an Asian Indian cohort.

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) requires preoperative prediction for appropriate surgical management. Differentiation from symptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (sPHPT) cohort is difficult.

Methods: Patients with sPHPT from a tertiary-care center, Western India, including Cohort-A (n = 19 [10/M; 9/F]) with PC and Cohort-B (n = 93 [33/M; 60/F] with benign parathyroid lesions) were compared to derive predictors for differential diagnosis.

Where there is pancreatic juice, there is a way: Spontaneous fistulization of severe acute pancreatitis-associated collection into urinary bladder.

Pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) are notorious for their extension beyond the normal confines of the pancreatic bed. This distribution is explained by dissection along the fascial planes in retroperitoneum due to the digestive enzymes within the PFC. In genitourinary track, PFCs have been described to involve the kidneys and the ureters.

The utility of Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in localizing primary/metastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children and adolescents - a single-center experience.

Objectives: Pediatric pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare tumors with limited data on the diagnostic performance of Ga-DOTA(0)-Tyr(3)-octreotate positron emission tomography-computed tomography (Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT). We have described our experience of Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT in overall and von Hippel Lindau (VHL)-associated pediatric PPGL and compared its sensitivity with that of I-meta-iodobenzyl-guanidine (I-MIBG), F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (F-FDG PET/CT), and contrast-enhanced CT (CECT).

Methods: Retrospective evaluation of consecutive PPGL patients (age: ≤20 years), who had undergone at least one functional imaging [I-MIBG, F-FDG PET/CT, and/or Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT], was done.

Comparison of Ga-DOTA-NaI-Octreotide/tyr-octreotate positron emission tomography/computed tomography and contrast-enhanced computed tomography in localization of tumors in multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 syndrome.

The optimum imaging modality for the screening of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)-associated tumors is not well established. Here, we compare the performance of contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) versus Ga DOTA-NOC/TATE PET/CT in MEN1 patients. The retrospective case record study is conducted at a tertiary health-care center.

Unruptured Pseudoaneurysm of the Mitral Aortic Intervalvular Fibrosa.

A 38-year-old female with a history of primary mitral regurgitation experienced shortness of breath even at rest 4 months previously. Cardiac computed tomography showed a large unruptured aneurysm arising from the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa adjacent to the anterior mitral leaflet. The patient passed away because the pseudoaneurysm ruptured into the pericardium.

Radiological differentiation of phaeochromocytoma from other malignant adrenal masses: importance of wash-in characteristics on multiphase CECT.

Rationale And Introduction: To evaluate the computerised tomography (CT) characteristics of phaeochromocytoma (PCC) that differentiate them from other non-benign adrenal masses such as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), primary adrenal lymphoma (PAL) and adrenal metastases (AM).

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary health care institute from Western India. Patients presented between January 2013 and August 2016 with histological diagnosis of PCC or other non-benign adrenal mass having adequate reviewable imaging data comprising all four CECT phases were included.

Joubert syndrome: A classic case.

Joubert syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hyperpnoea and eye movements, hypotonia, ataxia, developmental retardation with neuropathologic abnormalities of cerebellum and brainstem including inherited hypoplasia or aplasia of vermis. Cerebellar vermin anomalies are described in other disorders such as Dandy-Walker and rhombencephalon synapsis. These disorders should be distinguished from Joubert syndrome on the basis of imaging.

Branchial cleft cysts: a pictorial review.

Cystic masses of the neck may represent a wide variety of pathological conditions. Among these, branchial anomalies are the commonest paediatric congenital lesions of the head and neck. This article intends to review this condition under the same headings, as well as facilitate their diagnosis with the help of appropriate radiological findings of patients diagnosed with these anomalies.

Large Solitary Pulmonary Cryptococcoma Mimicking Lung Carcinoma in an Immunocompetent Patient.

Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening mycosis typically seen in immunocompromised patients. Pulmonary cryptococcosis generally presents as multiple or solitary nodular opacities. Cryptococcal infection presenting as a destructing cavernoma (cryptococcoma) without diffuse infiltration of the lung is an extremely rare presentation, even in immunocompromised patients.

Percentage arterial enhancement: An objective index for accurate identification of parathyroid adenoma/hyperplasia in primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: Radiation exposure to neck by four-dimensional computerized tomography (4DCT) is relatively high and limits its use as a first-line investigation in evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Radiation exposure can be reduced by restricting the number of CT phases. Our aim was to study the performance of 4DCT in cohort of surgery-naïve PHPT patients, and to evaluate percentage enhancement as an objective radiological index to discriminate parathyroid lesions (adenoma/hyperplasia) from thyroid tissue and lymph nodes.

Disseminated gestational choriocarcinoma presenting with hepatic and uveal metastases, hook effect, and choriocarcinoma syndrome.

Choriocarcinoma is a human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)-secreting tumor that comprises vascular channels. It has a tendency for widespread metastasis, common sites for which include the lung, vagina, brain, liver, bone, intestine, and kidney. We describe a 30-year-old female who presented with hepatitis-like features and bilateral diminution of vision, and subsequently developed hemothorax and hemoperitoneum-all rare and seemingly unrelated manifestations which were finally attributable to metastases from gestational choriocarcinoma.

Rhinosporidiosis: A Rare Cause of Proptosis and an Imaging Dilemma for Sinonasal Masses.

Rhinosporidiosis is a common disease entity in tropical countries; however, it can be encountered in other parts of the world as well due to increasing medical tourism. It may mimic other more malignant and vigorous pathologies of the involved part. We present a case of a 36-year-old male presenting with proptosis due to involvement of nasolacrimal duct which is rare.

Germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

Background: Genetic aetiology of pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) is increasingly being studied; however, Asian Indian data on this aspect are scarce.

Objective: To study the prevalence of germline mutations and genotype-phenotype correlation in Asian Indian PCC/PGL patients.

Design: In this study, 150 index patients (M:F, 73:77) with PCC/PGL were evaluated.

Pulmonary mycotic pseudo-aneurysm with a prior history of ventricular septal defect. Case report with review of literature.

In general aneurysms of the pulmonary arteries are less frequent than intracranial, aortic or other vascular locations. Infectious causes include bacteria such as Staphylococcus sp and Streptococcus sp, mycobacteria, Treponema pallidium (syphilis) and rarely fungi. We report a 7 year old female with two right-sided parahilar pseudo-aneurysm of fungal origin with a prior history of ventricular septal defect.

Skeletal Metastasis From Carcinoma of the Gall Bladder: Need for Bone Scintigraphy Justified?

Background: Carcinoma of the gall bladder has a guarded prognosis with predominant sites of involvement being liver and regional nodes. Osseous metastasis in carcinoma of the gall bladder is rare and hence bone scintigraphy does not form a part of the routine work-up for such patients.

Case Reports: We describe two patients with carcinoma of the gall bladder with osteolytic metastasis (stage 4).

Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumour of the Ovary with Unilocular Pure Cystic Presentation: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Background: Granulosa cell tumours of the ovary are rare, hormonally active, oestrogen-secreting tumours of the ovary existing in two forms: the adult form and the even rarer juvenile form. These tumours present as predominantly solid lesions while the cystic, unilocular presentation is uncommon.

Case Report: We present an 18-year-old unmarried girl who presented with complaints of chronic pain, abdominal distension and presence of facial hair.