Clinical Profile of posterior segment in high Myopia.

Background: Myopia is a growing global health concern, with prevalence surging, especially in East and Southeast Asia. The World Health Organization identifies high myopia as -5.00 diopter or less, carrying an elevated risk of irreversible blindness.

Bedside bilateral sequential intravitreal anti-VEGF injections for retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome and ocular adverse events of bedside bilateral sequential intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (BBSIR).

Methods: This retrospective interventional study included infants who received BBSIR with a follow-up of at least 1 month. Clinical history, intravitreal injection details, indications, intraoperative and postoperative ocular adverse events, and outcomes were analyzed.

Mean Amplitude of Diurnal Variation of Sub-Foveal Choroidal Thickness among Adults with Healthy Eyes Visiting Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Eye Care Centre.

Introduction: The choroid, particularly the choroidal vasculature, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of various ocular diseases. Diurnal variation in the thickness of the choroid has been reported in previous studies. This study aimed to find the mean amplitude of diurnal variation of sub-foveal choroidal thickness among adults with healthy eyes visiting the outpatient Department of a tertiary eye care centre.

Minimally invasive procedure for optic disc pit maculopathy: vitrectomy with scleral plug and analysis on pattern of resolution.

Optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M) is a rare complication of optic disc pit which can cause irreversible visual impairment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the anatomical and functional outcomes and pattern of resolution of ODP-M following vitrectomy with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) induction and scleral tissue plug for treatment of ODP-M without ILM peeling, laser or use of long term gas/tamponade or head positioning. This retrospective study included 7 patients with ODP-M, meeting the inclusion criteria.

Normative Vascular Features on OCT Angiography in Healthy Nepalese Eyes.

Purpose: To establish normative data on morphological characteristics and quantitative parameters of Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) as well as their systemic and ocular associations using OCT angiography (OCT-A) in healthy Nepalese subjects.

Patients And Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, population-based study recruiting 210 healthy samples (420 eyes) aged 10 to 70 years was conducted. All the samples underwent detailed comprehensive eye examination followed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) and Enhanced Depth Imaging performed in each eye using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

Uveitis in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis.

Background: There is a close correlation between ankylosing spondylitis and uveitis, other less common ocular manifestations being episcleritis and scleritis. Though the prognosis of uveitis is good, prompt treatment is required to prevent long-term complications. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of uveitis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis who follow outpatient clinic of a tertiary care hospital.

Nontubercular Mycobacteria Associated Uveitis in HIV Positive Patients.

Purpose: To report clinical features and outcomes of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) presenting as uveitis in HIV positive patients.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of HIV positive patients who were diagnosed as uveitis due to NTM.

Results: Six eyes of four HIV positive patients with NTM were studied.

Ocular Tuberculosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Systemic Tuberculosis Co-infected Patients.

: To describe the prevalence and clinical findings of ocular tuberculosis (TB) in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and systemic TB co-infected patients.: In this prospective, observational, non-comparative case series, we included HIV and systemic TB co-infected patients, who underwent a detailed ophthalmic and systemic evaluation.: Of 85 patients, ocular tuberculosis was seen in eleven patients and their 16 eyes (12.

Disseminated Tubercular Granulomas Associated with the Use of Azathioprine.

: To describe a case of multiple disseminated choroidal tuberculomas in a patient of early-phase Vogt-Koyanagi- Harada (VKH) disease being treated with Azathioprine.: A retrospective chart review.: A 55-year-old female, a diagnosed case of VKH disease, was being treated with oral steroids and Azathioprine.

Ultra-Widefield Fundus Autofluorescence in Cytomegalovirus Retinitis.

: To study the role of ultra-wide field (UWF) fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in the management of CMV (cytomegalovirus) retinitis.: In this prospective, observational, non-randomized study, we followed up patients with active CMV retinitis on UWF fundus photograph (FP) and UWF-FAF.: A total of 16 patients (24 eyes) were studied.

Spectrum of Newly Diagnosed Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in a Developing Country in the HAART Era.

: To characterize the presenting features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in HIV-positive patients in a developing country in the HAART era.: Retrospective chart review of all patients with CMV retinitis seen at a tertiary-care referral center between January 2006 to June 2017. Demographic and clinical data were collected to study the presenting features and risk factors for blindness.

Surgical Intervention in Inciting Eyes of Patients with Sympathetic Ophthalmia: A Case Series and Review of Literature.

: To analyze the outcomes of surgical procedures on inciting eye of patients with Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO). : Retrospective study of patients with SO who underwent surgical procedures on inciting eyes between January 2000 and December 2015. Outcome measures included flare up of inflammation in either eye and change in visual acuity in the inciting eye.

Cytomegalovirus Disease in HIV-infected Children-A Single-Centre Clinical Experience over 23 Years.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) results in significant morbidity and mortality in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals. There is paucity of literature on paediatric CMV disease, especially from developing countries.

Methods: A retrospective review of records of all HIV-infected children with evidence of CMV disease was done.

Progressive outer retinal necrosis after rituximab and cyclophosphamide therapy.

We report a case of progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) in a patient of microscopic polyangitis (MPA), being treated with immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclophosphamide and rituximab. Her aqueous tap was positive for Varicella Zoster virus and she was treated with oral and intravitreal antivirals, along with discontinuation of one of the immunosuppressive agents, i.e.

OUTCOME OF ENDOVASCULAR PROCEDURES ON OCULAR FINDINGS IN TAKAYASU ARTERITIS.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of endovascular procedures on ocular findings in patients with Takayasu arteritis.

Methods: Retrospective study of patients who underwent percutaneous endovascular stenting of aortic arch arteries for Takayasu arteritis (TA) and who had documented retinopathy findings before and after the procedure. Change in visual acuity, regression of retinopathy, and development of complications after endovascular procedure were studied over a follow-up of 6 months.

Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome: clinical perspectives.

Idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome typically affects young, healthy individuals. Despite the dramatic fundus appearance seen in this syndrome, these patients are usually asymptomatic. The syndrome includes peculiar vascular abnormalities in the form of multiple aneurysmal dilatations seen along retinal arterioles and optic nerve-head arterioles, which are best appreciated on fluorescein angiography.

Outcomes of 23- and 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomies for dislocated intraocular lenses.

Purpose: To compare the outcome of 23-gauge as compared with 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (TSV) in the management of dislocated intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Design: Retrospective, non-consecutive, comparative, interventional case series.

Participants: Patients with dislocated intraocular lens who underwent sutureless PPV using either 23-gauge or 25-gauge instruments.

Ocular mycobacteriosis-dual infection of M. tuberculosis complex with M. fortuitum and M. bovis.

Background: We report unfavorable outcome in a patient with subretinal granuloma caused by dual infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex with Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium bovis in an immunosuppressed, non-HIV patient. We did a systematic review of literature on dual infection due to M. tuberculosis and M.

Bevacizumab for paradoxical worsening treatment adjunct in HIV patient with choroidal tuberculoma.

The use of anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) along with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) in human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infected individuals could at times lead to paradoxical worsening due to an increase in the inflammatory activity due to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in the eye. This is characterized by anterior and posterior segment inflammatory reactions which may occur in the form of serous retinal detachment. We describe a case where the use of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent led to resolution of the serous retinal detachment, which had failed to respond to other common modalities of treatment.

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Genome in Subretinal Fluid of Patients with Latent Tuberculosis Infection.

Purpose: To test our hypothesis that Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA may be present in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells in individuals with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection.

Methods: A total of 100 patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (without any signs of endogenous uveitis in either eye) underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal tamponade. All were subjected to tuberculin skin test.