Microplastic contamination in wastewater: Sources, distribution, detection and remediation through physical and chemical-biological methods.

Microplastics are tiny plastic particles smaller than 5 mm. that have been widely detected in the environment, including in wastewater. They originate from various sources including breakdown of larger plastic debris, release of plastic fibres from textiles, and microbeads commonly used in personal care products.

Beyond Bites: Differential Role of Fall Armyworm Oral Secretions and Saliva in Modulating Sorghum Defenses.

Flavonoids are major plant secondary metabolites that provide defense against several insect pests. Previously, it has been shown that sorghum () flavonoids are required for providing resistance to fall armyworm (FAW; ), which is an important chewing insect pest on several crops. We demonstrate here the role of FAW oral cues in modulating sorghum flavonoid defenses.

Microplastics in mangroves with special reference to Asia: Occurrence, distribution, bioaccumulation and remediation options.

Microplastics (MPs) are a new and lesser-known pollutant that has intrigued the interest of scientists all over the world in recent decades. MP (<5mm in size) can enter marine environments such as mangrove forests in a variety of ways, interfering with the health of the environment and organisms. Mangroves are now getting increasingly exposed to microplastic contamination due to their proximity to human activities and their position as critical transitional zones between land and sea.

Sorghum defense responses to sequential attack by insect herbivores of different feeding guilds.

Insect herbivores of different feeding guilds induced sorghum defenses through differential mechanisms, regardless of the order of herbivore arrival on sorghum plants. Sorghum, one of the world's most important cereal crops, suffers severe yield losses due to attack by insects of different feeding guilds. In most instances, the emergence of these pests are not secluded incidents and are followed by another or can also co-infest host plants.

Monocot crop-aphid interactions: plant resilience and aphid adaptation.

Globally, aphids cause immense economic damage to several crop plants. In addition, aphids vector several plant viral diseases that accelerate crop yield losses. While feeding, aphids release saliva that contains effectors, which modulate plant defense responses.

Sugars and cuticular waxes impact sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) colonization on different developmental stages of sorghum.

Sugarcane aphid (SCA; Melanaphis sacchari) is a devastating pest of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) that colonizes sorghum plants at different growth stages. Leaf surface characteristics and sugars often influence aphid settling and feeding on host plants. However, how changes in cuticular waxes and sugar levels affect SCA establishment and feeding at different development stages of sorghum have not been explored.

Piriformospora indica recruits host-derived putrescine for growth promotion in plants.

Growth promotion induced by the endosymbiont Piriformospora indica has been observed in various plants; however, except growth phytohormones, specific functional metabolites involved in P. indica-mediated growth promotion are unknown. Here, we used a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolite analysis to identify tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) metabolites whose levels were altered during P.

GIGANTEA confers susceptibility to plants during spot blotch attack by regulating salicylic acid signalling pathway.

Plants throughout their development are challenged by different abiotic and biotic stresses. Growth and developmental plasticity of a plant is under the strict surveillance of the diurnal and circadian control mechanism, fine-tuned by the biological clock. Success of plant life-cycle resides on the continual battle against pathogen that they encounter at different developmental stages.

Genome-wide characterization of cellulases from the hemi-biotrophic plant pathogen, , reveals the presence of a highly stable GH7 endoglucanase.

Background: is a filamentous fungus that causes spot blotch disease in cereals like wheat and has severe economic consequences. However, information on the identities and role of the cell wall-degrading enzymes (CWDE) in is very limited. Several fungi produce CWDE like glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) that help in host cell invasion.