Role of Ca in toll-like receptor 9 activation in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells.

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are major producers of type I interferons in response to activation of endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs), e.g. TLR9.

Adipose Recruitment and Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Fuel Metaflammation.

In obese individuals, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is the seat of chronic low-grade inflammation (metaflammation), but the mechanistic link between increased adiposity and metaflammation largely remains unclear. In obese individuals, deregulation of a specific adipokine, chemerin, contributes to innate initiation of metaflammation by recruiting circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) into VAT through chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). Adipose tissue-derived high-mobility group B1 (HMGB1) protein activates Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in the adipose-recruited pDCs by transporting extracellular DNA through receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and induces production of type I interferons (IFNs).