aging alters the gene expression and secretome composition of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Introduction: Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) hold therapeutic promise due to their regenerative potential, particularly within their secretome. However, concerns arise regarding the impact of cultivation necessitated for storing therapeutic doses, prompting this study to comprehensively explore the impact of aging on gene expression and secretome composition.

Methods: The study involved collecting abdominal adipose tissue samples from nine healthy female dogs, from which cAD-MSCs were extracted and cultured.

Interspecies transmission of porcine-originated G4P[6] rotavirus A between pigs and humans: a synchronized spatiotemporal approach.

As a leading viral cause of acute gastroenteritis in both humans and pigs, rotavirus A (RVA) poses a potential public health concern. Although zoonotic spillover of porcine RVA strains to humans is sporadic, it has been detected worldwide. The origin of chimeric human-animal strains of RVA is closely linked to the crucial role of mixed genotypes in driving reassortment and homologous recombination, which play a major role in shaping the genetic diversity of RVA.

An Outstanding Role of Adipose Tissue in Canine Stem Cell Therapy.

Adipose tissue, previously known as connective tissue with a role in energy storage, is currently changing the course of treatments in veterinary medicine. Recent studies have revealed one particularly impressive function among all the newly discovered functions of adipose tissue. The interactive cells hosted by adipose tissue, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), and their role in treating numerous diseases have provided a prospective course of research with positive outcomes in regenerative veterinary medicine (RVM).

The Expression Pattern of Surface Markers in Canine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

The influence of cultivation on the expression pattern of canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAD-MSCs) surface markers, contributing to, among others, the promotion of growth, proliferation, differentiation and immunomodulatory mechanisms of an excellent therapeutic, is still unknown. To fill the gap, we investigated CD90, CD44, CD73, CD29, CD271, CD105, CD45 and CD14 patterns of expression at the protein level with flow cytometry and mRNA level using a real-time polymerase chain reaction array. Gentle variations of expression occurred during cultivation, along with increased CD90, CD44 and CD29 expression, low and decreasing CD271 and CD73 expression and a decrease of initially high CD105.

Gold Humanism Honor Society Election and Academic Outcomes: A 10-Institution Study.

Background And Objectives: This study examines relationships among election to the Gold Humanism Honor Society (GHHS) and election to Alpha Omega Alpha (AOA), class rank, and residency selection to determine if GHHS members are more likely to select primary care residencies than students not elected to GHHS membership.

Methods: We evaluated five graduating classes (2006--2010) at 10 medical schools (n=5,481 students). Residency selections were grouped into primary care (family medicine, internal medicine, pediatrics, OB-GYN), surgery (including surgical specialties), or E-ROAD and other (including lifestyle practices-emergency medicine, radiology, ophthalmology, anesthesiology, and dermatology plus all other specialties, eg, neurology, pathology).

Attitudes and knowledge regarding health care policy and systems: a survey of medical students in Ontario and California.

Background: Canada and the United States have similar medical education systems, but different health care systems. We surveyed medical students in Ontario and California to assess their knowledge and views about health care policy and systems, with an emphasis on attitudes toward universal care.

Methods: A web-based survey was administered during the 2010-2011 academic year to students in 5 medical schools in Ontario and 4 in California.

Musculoskeletal education: an assessment of the clinical confidence of medical students.

Musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions account for nearly 15-30 % of encounters in a primary care practice. Yet, studies demonstrate that medical students and residents lack the knowledge and confidence to care for many MSK conditions. This study addresses the design of focused MSK educational practices towards improving students' knowledge, interest, and confidence for conducting MSK examinations.

The generalist disciplines in American medicine one hundred years following the Flexner Report: a case study of unintended consequences and some proposals for post-Flexnerian reform.

Abraham Flexner's analysis of U.S. medical education at the turn of the 20th century transformed the processes of student selection and instruction, the roles and responsibilities of faculty members, and the provision of resources to support medical education.

Can there be a single system for peer assessment of professionalism among medical students? A multi-institutional study.

Purpose: Peer assessment is a valuable source of information about medical students' professionalism. How best to facilitate peer assessment of students' professional behavior remains to be answered, however. This report extends previous research through a multi-institutional study of students' perspectives about system characteristics for peer assessment of professionalism.

Student Senior Partnership Program: University of California Irvine School of Medicine.

The Student Senior Partner Program (SSPP) forms the core of the required medical student geriatrics curriculum at the University of California-Irvine School of Medicine (UCISOM). The program utilizes a longitudinal modular format that extends over the first three years of medical school. Instruction is presented in didactic, patient interactive, and facilitated small group discussion sessions.

What do medical students learn from early clinical experiences (ECE)?

What are the common learning themes perceived by medical students during ECE with varying practice settings and patient profiles? Retrospective qualitative and quantitative analyses of structured descriptive reports completed by one class (n = 92) for 895 observed patient encounters identified common learning themes. Identified themes were examined by practice setting and patient characteristics. Student response rates were 85 to 94% across settings.

A pilot randomized, controlled trial of a longitudinal residents-as-teachers curriculum.

Purpose: To determine whether a longitudinal residents-as-teachers curriculum improves generalist residents' teaching skills.

Method: From May 2001 to February 2002, 23 second-year generalist residents in four residencies affiliated with the University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine, completed a randomized, controlled trial of a longitudinal residents-as-teachers program. Thirteen intervention residents underwent a 13-hour curriculum during one-hour noon conferences twice monthly for six months, practicing teaching skills and receiving checklist-guided feedback.

Reach out and teach someone: generalist residents' needs for teaching skills development.

Background And Objectives: Family practice residents and students receive substantial teaching from senior residents. Yet, we lack data about residents' needs for teaching skills development, particularly in generalist training. This multicenter, interdisciplinary study describes the learning needs of generalist residents for becoming more effective teachers.

Patients' perceptions of medical students in a longitudinal family medicine clerkship.

Background: Although educational characteristics of ambulatory clinical environments are becoming clearer, less is known concerning patient opinions about participating in medical student instruction in ambulatory settings. Such perceptions may have an important influence on recruitment and retention of community faculty.

Methods: Surveys were administered to 121 patients seen by medical students during a longitudinal family medicine clerkship.

Assessing the acquisition of core clinical skills through the use of serial standardized patient assessments.

Purpose: Students in many medical schools now undergo multiple standardized-patient-based assessments. In this study, the authors examine the ability of such serial assessments to detect interval learning.

Method: Twenty-one students from the University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine, class of 1999, underwent a clinical skills appraisal after three months of their third-year instruction.

Initial experience with a multi-station objective structured teaching skills evaluation.

Purpose: To explore the applicability of using an objective structured evaluation to assess community preceptors' teaching performances.

Method: The authors developed and, in 1996, administered an objective structured teaching evaluation (OSTE) at the University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine. They compared assessments of teaching skills made by faculty observers and standardized students, and examined instrument reliability, realism, and utility.

What students say about learning and teaching in longitudinal ambulatory primary care clerkships: a multi-institutional study.

Purpose: Ambulatory primary care clerkships have become crucial elements in medical education. Although most such clerkships employ a block-rotation format, an alternative longitudinal approach has been developed. This study examines students' perceptions of learning and instruction occurring during longitudinal ambulatory clerkships.

Use of an objective structured clinical examination in evaluating student performance.

Background And Objectives: The objective structured clinical exam (OSCE) is increasingly being used to evaluate student clinical performance. However, scant literature exists pertinent to this approach in evaluating family medicine clerkship performance. In this study, we assess 8 years' experience with a family medicine clerkship OSCE.

A comparison of family medicine clerkship student performance across multiple teaching sites.

Background And Objectives: Family medicine clerkships are frequently conducted in decentralized settings. Concerns have been raised regarding the educational consistency of such rotations. In this study, we assess learning across multiple training sites, as reflected by measures of student performance.