aqueous extract inhibits chronic demyelination and seizures in mice.

Demyelinating diseases are commonly associated with epileptic seizures and have limited management options. Hence, the need to investigate potential options for management of such seizures. extract (AE) was investigated for effect in chronic demyelinating seizures.

Synergistic antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid co-administered with selected antidepressants.

Background: Xylopic acid (XA), a kaurene diterpene from the dried fruits of has anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like activity in mice and zebrafish. We aimed to assess the potential synergistic antidepressant-like effects of XA when combined with selected antidepressants in the mouse forced-swim test.

Materials And Methods: The antidepressant-like effect of xylopic acid (XA) (10, 30, 100 mgkg), fluoxetine (Flx) (3, 10, 30 mgkg), sertraline (Sert) (3, 10, 30 mgkg), imipramine (Imi) (10, 30, 100 mgkg-1) and ketamine (Ket) (0.

Gut-Brain-axis: effect of basil oil on the gut microbiota and its contribution to the anticonvulsant properties.

Background: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition that disrupts the normal functioning of the brain and it is characterized by seizures. Research suggests the involvement of the Gut-Brain axis in epilepsy. This study seeks to determine the role of the gut microbiota in the anticonvulsant effect of basil oil (BO) using antibiotic-depleted and altered germ-free mice against naïve mice in Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model.

Anxiolytic-like effects of Pseudospondias microcarpa hydroethanolic leaf extract in zebrafish: Possible involvement of GABAergic and serotonergic pathways.

Pseudospondias microcarpa is used in ethnomedicine to manage central nervous system diseases. The hydroethanolic extract (PME) from the leaves of the plant has shown anxiolytic-like properties in mice anxiety models. However, its effects in chronic anxiety models and possible mechanism(s) of action were not studied.

Fast-onset effects of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) hydroethanolic leaf extract on behavioral alterations induced by chronic mild stress in mice.

Introduction: Pseudospondias microcarpa (Anacardiaceae) is a plant widely used traditionally for treating various central nervous system disorders. A previous study in our laboratory confirmed that the hydroethanolic leaf extract (PME) of the plant produces an antidepressant-like effect in rodent models of behavioral despair. However, its effect on depressive-like behavior induced by chronic mild stress (CMS) and its time course of action are still unknown.

Drug Disposal and Ecopharmacovigilance Practices in the Krowor Municipality, Ghana.

Introduction: The use of medicines is a ubiquitous practice for the management of healthcare conditions. In the delivery of healthcare, medicines may remain unused and may expire within the various stakeholders in the pharmaceutical value chain. If these unused and expired medicines are not disposed of properly, they may result in the concentration of pharmaceuticals in environmental media contaminating food sources for humans and animals.

Pharmacological management of seizures in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.

Some patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been reported to exhibit neurological symptoms such as seizures and impaired consciousness. Our study reviews reported cases to assess the pharmacological approach to managing seizures in SARS-CoV-2 patients and associated outcomes. A systematic review of case reports on the incidence of seizures following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients that reported use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in management was performed by using the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) guidelines.

Implications of WHO COVID-19 interim guideline 2020.5 on the comprehensive care for infected persons in Africa Before, during and after clinical management of cases.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the biggest public health crises globally. Although Africa did not display the worst-case scenario compared to other continents, fears were still at its peak since Africa was already suffering from a heavy load of other life-threatening infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria. Other factors that were anticipated to complicate Africa's outcomes include the lack of resources for diagnosis and contact tracing along with the low capacity of specialized management facilities per capita The current review aims at assessing and generating discussions on the realities, and pros and cons of the WHO COVID-19 interim guidance 2020.

Chronic administration of cryptolepine nanoparticle formulation alleviates seizures in a neurocysticercosis model.

Worldwide, neurocysticercosis remains an important cause of acquired epilepsy. We therefore seek to investigate the effectiveness of the nanoparticle formulation of cryptolepine in alleviating seizures in a neurocysticercosis model. A solid-lipid nanoparticle formulation of extracted cryptolepine was prepared.

Correlating WHO COVID-19 interim guideline 2020.5 and testing capacity, accuracy, and logistical challenges in Africa.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. As of 21 April 2021, the disease had affected more than 143 million people with more than 3 million deaths worldwide. Urgent effective strategies are required to control the scourge of the pandemic.

SARS-CoV-2 Viral Shedding and Transmission Dynamics: Implications of WHO COVID-19 Discharge Guidelines.

The evolving nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has necessitated periodic revisions of COVID-19 patient treatment and discharge guidelines. Since the identification of the first COVID-19 cases in November 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) has played a crucial role in tackling the country-level pandemic preparedness and patient management protocols. Among others, the WHO provided a guideline on the clinical management of COVID-19 patients according to which patients can be released from isolation centers on the 10th day following clinical symptom manifestation, with a minimum of 72 additional hours following the resolution of symptoms.

Investigating the Anticonvulsant Properties of Aqueous Ethanolic Extracts of the Leaves, Roots, and Fruits of L. (Euphorbiaceae).

Convulsion is a typical symptom associated with epilepsy. , a common plant in Ghana, has been used traditionally for the management of epilepsy. This study was carried out to ascertain the scientific basis for the traditional utility of for various convulsive disorders and also determine the part of the plant with the most anticonvulsant activity.

Solid-lipid nanoparticle formulation improves antiseizure action of cryptolepine.

Following the high treatment gap and massive impact of epilepsy on global health particularly in low- and middle-income countries, our study aims to investigate cryptolepine, the major alkaloid of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta as well as its solid-lipid nanoparticle formulation for potential antiseizure activity. Cryptolepine was isolated and a solid-lipid formulation was prepared. Antiseizure activity of Solid-Lipid Nanoparticle formulation of cryptolepine (SLN-CRYP) was investigated using Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced model of seizure-like behaviors in Zebrafish with 2.

Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of DC. Stem Bark Extract in Mice.

Introduction: The stem bark extract of DC. (Capparaceae) is used as a traditional remedy for management of anxiety, psychosis, and epilepsy.

Aim Of The Study: We therefore aimed at evaluating the anxiolytic and antidepressant potential of the plant in mice models.

Toxicological Assessment of (A. Rich.) Engl. Hydroethanolic Leaf Extract in Rats: Haematological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Studies.

is used traditionally for treating various diseases. However, although parts of the plant are extensively used in African traditional medicine, no scientific study has been reported on its toxicity. Therefore, this study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity studies of the ethanolic extract of in rats.

Maerua angolensis stem bark extract reverses anxiety and related behaviours in zebrafish-Involvement of GABAergic and 5-HT systems.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Maerua angolensis DC (Capparaceae) has been employed in the management of several central nervous system (CNS) disorders including anxiety. This study evaluated the anxiolytic effects of the petroleum ether/ethyl acetate fraction stem bark extract and its possible mechanism(s) using zebrafish anxiety models.

Methods: Adult zebrafish, tested in the novel tank and light dark tests, have shown by previous authors to be sensitive to the anxiolytic effects of known anxiolytic drugs.

Anticonvulsant activity of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich) Engl. hydroethanolic leaf extract in mice: The role of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmission and nitric oxide pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich) Engl. is a plant used for managing various diseases including central nervous system disorders.

Anticonvulsant effects of antiaris toxicaria aqueous extract: investigation using animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Background: Antiaris toxicaria has previously shown anticonvulsant activity in acute animal models of epilepsy. The aqueous extract (AAE) was further investigated for activity in kindling with pentylenetetrazole and administration of pilocarpine and kainic acid which mimic temporal lobe epilepsy in various animal species.

Results: ICR mice and Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-treated with AAE (200-800 mg kg) and convulsive episodes induced using pentylenetetrazole, pilocarpine and kainic acid.

The possible mode of antitussive and expectorant activity of the ethanol seed extracts of ((Stapf) Th. & H. Durand).

It has been established that has antitussive effect. This study therefore aimed at determining the possible mode of antitussive and expectorant activity of an ethanolic seed extract of (PNE). The muco-suppressant, mast cell stabilization, and the anxiolytic effects of PNE were ascertained using ammonium chloride-induced phenol red secretion in BALB/c mice; compound 48/80-induced mesenteric mast cell degranulation assay; and the open field and the elevated plus maze models respectively.

Analgesic properties of aqueous leaf extract of Haematostaphis barteri: involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, adrenergic, opioidergic, muscarinic, adenosinergic and serotoninergic pathways.

Background: Pain is the most common cause of patients seeking medical advice as a result of its association with different pathologies. This study evaluated the antinociceptive property of Haematostaphis barteri as well as the possible mechanism(s) associated with its antinociceptive property.

Methods: Mice were administered H.

Enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmission and inhibition of excitatory mechanisms underlie the anticonvulsant effects of Mallotus oppositifolius.

Context: Mallotus oppositifolius is a shrub that is used traditionally to treat epilepsy, but its potential has not been scientifically validated.

Aims: This study investigated the anticonvulsant properties and possible mechanism of action of the 70% v/v hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of M. oppositifolius.

Antitussive, expectorant and analgesic effects of the ethanol seed extract of Picralima nitida (Stapf) Th. & H. Durand.

Picralima nitida is used traditionally for management of cough. This study, therefore, investigated the antitussive, expectorant, and analgesic properties of the ethanolic seed extract of Picralima nitida (PNE), and ascertained its safety for use. Presence of secondary metabolites, and safety of PNE (10-2000 mg/kg) were evaluated by preliminary phytochemical screening, and by Irwin's test respectively.