Conditioned Medium From Reactive Astrocytes Inhibits Proliferation, Resistance, and Migration of p53-Mutant Glioblastoma Spheroid Through GLI-1 Downregulation.

Glioblastoma (GBM) aggressiveness is partly driven by the reactivation of signaling pathways such as Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and the interaction with its microenvironment. SHH pathway activation is one of the phenomena behind the glial transformation in response to tumor growth. The reactivation of the SHH signaling cascade during GBM-astrocyte interaction is highly relevant to understanding the mechanisms used by the tumor to modulate the adjacent stroma.

Unlocking Overexpressed Membrane Proteins to Guide Breast Cancer Precision Medicine.

Breast cancer (BC) is a prevalent form of cancer affecting women worldwide. However, the effectiveness of current BC drugs is limited by issues such as systemic toxicity, drug resistance, and severe side effects. Consequently, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic targets and improved tumor tracking methods.

Aptamer-Based Recognition of Breast Tumor Cells: A New Era for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.

Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide and can be classified into four major distinct molecular subtypes based on the expression of specific receptors. Despite significant advances, the lack of biomarkers for detailed diagnosis and prognosis remains a major challenge in the field of oncology. This study aimed to identify short single-stranded oligonucleotides known as aptamers to improve breast cancer diagnosis.

Nuclear and Cytoplasmic hTERT, Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, and Telomere Elongation Leukocytes Are Independent Factors in the Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment in HER2-Enriched Breast Cancer.

HER2-enriched tumors are responsible for 20% of breast tumors and have high rates of immune infiltrates in the tumor stroma that respond favorably to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In the context of tumors, telomeres control cell death and prevent tumor cells from replicating discontinuously, leading to their immortalization. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, hTERT expression, hTERT promoter mutation, and leukocyte telomere length in HER2-enriched breast tumors.

Next Generation of Ovarian Cancer Detection Using Aptamers.

Ovarian cancer is among the seven most common types of cancer in women, being the most fatal gynecological tumor, due to the difficulty of detection in early stages. Aptamers are important tools to improve tumor diagnosis through the recognition of specific molecules produced by tumors. Here, aptamers and their potential targets in ovarian cancer cells were analyzed by in silico approaches.

Low body mass index is associated with reduced intratumoral CD4 T-lymphocyte infiltration in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients.

Tumor size, inflammation, and nutritional status may be correlated with the immune response to cancer. Our hypothesis is that there is an interrelationship among tumor size, inflammatory response, and body mass index (BMI), and that these variables could alter T-lymphocyte infiltration in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). A retrospective cohort of 91 surgical LSCC patients treated at a Brazilian National Cancer Reference Center was followed for 5 years.

Prognostic Influence of Residual Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Subtype After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and prognostic role of tumor microenvironment (TME) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) through immunohistochemical characterization.

Methods: The internal database of the Brazilian National Cancer Institute for women diagnosed with TNBC who underwent NACT and thereafter curative surgery between January 2010 and December 2014 was queried out. Core biopsy specimens and tissue microarrays containing surgical samples of TNBC from 171 and 134 women, respectively, were assessed by immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD56, CD68, CD117, FOXP3, PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2.

GLIPR1 and SPARC expression profile reveals a signature associated with prostate Cancer Brain metastasis.

Despite advances in treatment of lethal prostate cancer, the incidence of prostate cancer brain metastases is increasing. In this sense, we analyzed the molecular profile, as well as the functional consequences involved in the reciprocal interactions between prostate tumor cells and human astrocytes. We observed that the DU145 cells, but not the LNCaP cells or the RWPE-1 cells, exhibited more pronounced, malignant and invasive phenotypes along their interactions with astrocytes.

Secretory carcinoma of salivary glands at the National Cancer Institute: A 20-year retrospective clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and molecular study.

Objectives: This study aim was to review cases of acinic cell carcinoma (the main differential diagnosis of secretory carcinoma) that were diagnosed and treated at the National Cancer Institute of Brazil (INCA) between 1996 and 2016. The primary objective was to identify underdiagnosed cases of secretory carcinoma via a clinical, immunopathological and molecular reassessment.

Materials And Methods: This is a cross sectional study, with retrospective data collection from medical records and histological specimen review, with staining for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and PAS with diastase, immunohistochemistry for S-100, mammaglobin, and DOG-1, and droplet digital RT-PCR for ETV6-NTRK3.

Cofilin-1, LIMK1 and SSH1 are differentially expressed in locally advanced colorectal cancer and according to consensus molecular subtypes.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the deadliest cancers, wherein early dissemination of tumor cells, and consequently, metastasis formation, are the main causes of mortality and poor prognosis. Cofilin-1 (CFL-1) and its modulators, LIMK1/SSH1, play key roles in mediating the invasiveness by driving actin cytoskeleton reorganization in various cancer types. However, their clinical significance and prognostic value in CRC has not been fully explored.

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Assessing the Role of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers on Neoadjuvant Treatment.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of immunohistochemical (IHC) biomarkers in the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and survival outcomes in the subset of locally advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Materials And Methods: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), androgen receptor (AR), cytokeratins (CK5/6, CK14 and CK17), Ki67 and p53 immunohistochemistry were evaluated on 171 cases of TNBC submitted to NACT and subsequently to surgery. Intensity and percentage of the expression of these biomarkers were combined to formulate a specific score, that was correlated with prognostic features and assessed for survival outcomes.

High infiltration of B cells in tertiary lymphoid structures, TCR oligoclonality, and neoantigens are part of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCA) exhibits high intratumoral molecular heterogeneity posing a challenge to cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint blockade therapy has been approved for this disease, but with modest results. RNA-Seq data from paired tumor and surrounding nonmalignant tissue from 14 patients diagnosed with ESCA without previous treatment and from The Cancer Genome Atlas-ESCA cohort were analyzed.

Hpv impact on oropharyngeal cancer patients treated at the largest cancer center from Brazil.

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a fatal and highly incident disease. Although tobacco and alcohol consumption are the main risk factors associated with OSCC, a recent significant increase in OSCC HPV16 positive cases in high-income countries has been observed. However, it is not clear whether this change is also present in low- and middle-income countries.

TERTp mutation is associated with a shorter progression free survival in patients with aggressive histology subtypes of follicular-cell derived thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: Evaluate the impact of TERTp mutation on the outcomes after initial treatment of 45 patients with thyroid carcinomas derived from follicular cells (TCDFC) with aggressive histology, in which the role of this mutation is not yet well defined.

Methods: Analysis of the presence of TERTp (-124C > T and -146C > T), BRAF (V600E), and NRAS (Q 61R) mutations by Sanger sequencing and analysis of their correlation with the patient's outcomes.

Results: Forty-five patients with aggressive histopathologic variants were included in the study.

p53 expression and subcellular survivin localization improve the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with diffuse astrocytic tumors.

Purpose: Diffuse astrocytic tumors are the most frequently occurring primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Their histological sub-classification into diffuse astrocytoma (DA), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) and glioblastoma (GB) is challenging and the available prognostic factors are limited to age and tumor subtype. Biomarkers that may improve the histological sub-classification and/or serve as prognostic factors are, therefore, urgently needed.

HMGA2, but not HMGA1, is overexpressed in human larynx carcinomas.

Aims: Malignant tumours from the upper aerodigestive tract are grouped collectively in the class of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The head and neck tumours were responsible for more than 500 000 cancer cases in 2012, accounting for the sixth highest incidence rate and mortality worldwide among all tumour types. Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) possesses the second highest incidence rate among all HNSCC.

DNA repair genes PAXIP1 and TP53BP1 expression is associated with breast cancer prognosis.

Despite remarkable advances in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, advanced or recurrent breast tumors have limited therapeutic approaches. Many treatment strategies try to explore the limitations of DNA damage response (DDR) in tumor cells to selectively eliminate them. BRCT (BRCA1 C-terminal) domains are present in a superfamily of proteins involved in cell cycle checkpoints and the DDR.

Clinical, electroneuromyographic and morphological studies of pure neural leprosy in a Brazilian referral centre.

Nineteen patients with pure neural leprosy were analysed with clinical examination, electroneuromyography and histopathology of nerve biopsies. Clinical examination showed sensory loss (78.9%), paresis (78.