Impairment of PGC-1α-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis precedes mitochondrial dysfunction and Alzheimer's pathology in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the extent to which the impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis influences mitochondrial dysfunction at the onset and during progression of AD is still unclear. Our study demonstrated that the protein expression pattern of the transcription factor pCREB/CREB, together with the protein expression of PGC-1α, NRF1 and TFAM are all significantly reduced in early ages of 3xTg-AD mice.

Motor improvement requires an increase in presynaptic protein expression and depends on exercise type and age.

The aging process is associated with structural and functional changes in the nervous system. Considering that exercise can improve the quality of life of the elderly, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise protocols with different motor demands on synaptic protein expression (i.e.

Treadmill Exercise Prevents Increase of Neuroinflammation Markers Involved in the Dopaminergic Damage of the 6-OHDA Parkinson's Disease Model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) involves loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), which can be correlated to neuroinflammatory changes with the aging of the nervous system. On the other hand, exercise can reduce the deleterious effects promoted by age, but the mechanism involved is still unclear. This study investigated the preventive exercise-induced changes on neuroinflammatory processes in a rat model of PD induced by unilateral striatal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).

Distinct neuroplasticity processes are induced by different periods of acrobatic exercise training.

Short and long-term physical exercise induce physiological and structural changes in brain motor areas. The relationship between changes of structural and synaptic proteins in brain motor areas and acrobatic exercise is less understood. Our aim was to evaluate the expression of synapsin I (SYS), synaptophysin (SYP), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), neurofilament (NF), and a marker for recent neuronal activity (Egr-1) in the motor cortex, striatum and cerebellum of adult rats subjected to acrobatic exercise (AE, for 1-4 weeks).

Different protocols of treadmill exercise induce distinct neuroplastic effects in rat brain motor areas.

A variety of exercise protocols have been used to promote experimental neuroplasticity. However, the plastic brain responses generated by several aspects of training (types, frequency, regimens, duration) remain undetermined. The aim of this study was to compare the plastic changes in the glutamatergic system and synaptic proteins in motor cortex, striatum and cerebellum promoted by two different treadmill exercise regimens.

Different protocols of physical exercise produce different effects on synaptic and structural proteins in motor areas of the rat brain.

The plastic brain responses generated by the training with acrobatic exercise (AE) and with treadmill exercise (TE) may be different. We evaluated the protein expression of synapsin I (SYS), synaptophysin (SYP), microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neurofilaments (NF) by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting in the motor cortex, striatum and cerebellum of rats subjected to TE and AE. Young adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: sedentary (Sed) (n=15), TE (n=20) and AE (n=20).