Normatively irrelevant disgust interferes with decision under uncertainty: Insights from the Iowa gambling task.

This study investigates whether a not informative, irrelevant emotional reaction of disgust interferes with decision-making under uncertainty. We manipulate the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) by associating a disgust-eliciting image with selections from Disadvantageous/Bad decks (Congruent condition) or Advantageous/Good decks (Incongruent condition). A Control condition without manipulations is also included.

Long-term outcome of peripheral T-cell lymphomas: Ten-year follow-up of the International Prospective T-cell Project.

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous group of haematological cancers with generally poor clinical outcomes. However, a subset of patients experience durable disease control, and little is known regarding long-term outcomes. The International T-cell Lymphoma Project (ITCLP) is the largest prospectively collected cohort of patients with PTCLs, providing insight into clinical outcomes at academic medical centres globally.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Elevated Aldosterone-to-Renin Ratio but Negative Confirmatory Test: The Progression of Primary Aldosteronism Phenotypes.

Background: About 10% of patients with arterial hypertension have a positive screening test for primary aldosteronism (PA) and 50% to 70% of them have a negative confirmatory test: the appropriate follow-up of these patients is currently unknown. We investigated the incidence of PA in patients with previous negative confirmatory testing, after at least a 2-year follow-up.

Methods: One hundred eighty-four patients with a previously elevated aldosterone-to-renin ratio followed by a negative confirmatory test were recruited in 2 hypertension centers (Torino and Munich).

Anti-IL17 treatment in childhood chronic rheumatic diseases.

Introduction: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a family of cytokines that plays a key role in several rheumatic diseases in both adults and children. In the last few years, several drugs targeting IL-17 have been developed.

Areas Covered: We present a review on the current state of the art regarding the use of anti-IL17 in childhood chronic rheumatic diseases.

Validation of National Early Warning Score and Quick Sequential (sepsis-related) Organ Failure Assessment in acute myeloid leukaemia patients treated with intensive chemotherapy.

Objectives: Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a risk factor for life-threatening infections. Early diagnosis and prompt interventions are associated with better outcomes, but the prediction of infection severity remains an open question. Recently, National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) scores were proposed as warning clinical instruments predicting in-hospital mortality, but their role in the haematological context is still unknown.

Look Behind Me! Highly Informative Picture Backgrounds Increase Stated Generosity Through Perceived Tangibility, Impact, and Warm Glow.

In this study, we investigated whether background information of a visual charity appeal can influence people's motivation to donate and the hypothetical amount donated. Specifically, participants were presented with a charity appeal to help a local hospital respond to the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) emergency depicting a man sitting on a bed in a hospital room. The number of visual details (i.

Differences in Perceived and Experienced Stigma Between Problematic Gamblers and Non-gamblers in a General Population Survey.

We consider a sample of about 700 people, interviewed on the streets, who are sorted into two groups by a self-report, screening questionnaire: namely, non-problematic gamblers/non-gamblers and problematic gamblers. Within each group, we compare both social (perceived) stigma and self-perceived (experienced) stigma, measured by means of other two self-report questionnaires, and we seek for relations between stigma and socio-demographic variables that can help targeting possible interventions to reduce gambling-related stigma. We, then, compare stigma between the two groups of non-(problematic) gamblers and problematic ones, and we also check the hypothesis that higher social stigma is related to higher self-perceived stigma, as well as higher stigma is related to lesser help-seeking.

Assessment of Anti-Hypertensive Drug Adherence by Serial Aldosterone-To-Renin Ratio Measurement.

Reduced or absent compliance to anti-hypertensive treatment is a major obstacle to the achievement of blood pressure target in patients with arterial hypertension. Current available methods for therapeutic adherence assessment display low accuracy, limited applicability in clinical practice and/or high costs. We designed a prospective study to evaluate the accuracy of serial measurement of ARR to assess the therapeutic compliance to RAAS inhibitors.

Normatively Irrelevant Affective Cues Affect Risk-Taking under Uncertainty: Insights from the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Skin Conductance Response, and Heart Rate Variability.

Being able to distinguish between safe and risky options is paramount in making functional choices. However, deliberate manipulation of decision-makers emotions can lead to risky behaviors. This study aims at understanding how affective reactions driven by normatively irrelevant affective cues can interfere with risk-taking.

Worry, Perceived Threat and Media Communication as Predictors of Self-Protective Behaviors During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Europe.

Efforts to contain the spread of the coronavirus emphasize the central role of citizens' compliance with self-protective behaviors. Understanding the processes underlying the decision to self-protect is, therefore, essential for effective risk communication during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the present study, we investigate the determinants of perceived threat and engagement in self-protective measures in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Austria during the first wave of the pandemic.

Reference ranges of late-night salivary cortisol and cortisone measured by LC-MS/MS and accuracy for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.

Purpose: International guidelines recommend salivary cortisol for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Despite mass spectrometry-based assays are considered the analytical gold-standard, there is still the need to define reference intervals and diagnostic accuracy of such methodology.

Methods: 100 healthy volunteers and 50 consecutive patients were enrolled to compare LC-MS/MS and electrochemiluminescence assay for the determination of late-night salivary cortisol and cortisone.

Media Exposure to Terrorism and Perception of Immigrants as a Threat: The Role of Emotional Intelligence and Psychophysiological Self-Regulation.

To better understand how media exposure to terrorism-related images can lead to perceiving immigrants as more threatening, in the present study we manipulated participants' exposure to media coverage of terrorist attacks and investigated how this may influence people's perception of Arab immigrants. Considering the important role of regulatory abilities when facing stressful events like terrorist attacks, we measured individual differences in both trait emotional intelligence and resting heart rate variability (HRV). Results showed that participants perceived Arab immigrants as more threatening in the media exposure condition than in the control condition.

Physical Exercise Is Confirmed to Reduce Low Back Pain Symptoms in Office Workers: A Systematic Review of the Evidence to Improve Best Practices in the Workplace.

This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of a physical exercise (PE) program on low back pain (LBP) symptoms of office workers and the modification of flexibility and range of motion (ROM), muscular strength, and quality of life (QoL). A literature research was performed on PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus from April to May 2018. The keyword "low back pain" was associated with "office worker" OR "VDT operators" OR "office employees" OR "workplace" AND "exercise", OR "exercise therapy" OR "physical activity".

Early Second Round Targeted Biopsy of PI-RADS Score 3 or 4 in 256 Men With Persistent Suspicion of Prostate Cancer.

Background/aim: The aim of the study was to determine the rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) cases in men submitted to early second round mpMRI/TRUS (multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound) fusion biopsy (TPBx).

Materials And Methods: From January 2016 to December 2018, 256 men with a PI-RADS (Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System) score 3 (80 cases) or 4 (176 cases) and negative repeat transperineal saturation biopsy plus TPBx, underwent a new TPBx (four cores) for the persistent clinical suspicion of cancer. The accuracy of mpMRI ADC (apparent diffusion coefficient) values in the diagnosis of csPCa were evaluated.

Is it Time to Perform Only Magnetic Resonance Imaging Targeted Cores? Our Experience with 1,032 Men Who Underwent Prostate Biopsy.

Purpose: We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging to diagnose clinically significant prostate cancer and compared it with the diagnostic accuracy of transperineal saturation prostate biopsy.

Materials And Methods: From January 2011 to February 2018 repeat saturation prostate biopsy (the reference test) was done due to suspicion of cancer in 1,032 men with a median age of 63 years in whom median prostate specific antigen was 8.6 ng/ml.

Cost-effectiveness of Multiparametric MRI in 800 Men Submitted to Repeat Prostate Biopsy: Results of a Public Health Model.

Background/aim: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of multiparametric magnetic imaging resonance (mpMRI) in men submitted to repeat saturation prostate biopsy (SPBx).

Materials And Methods: From January 2011 to June 2017, 800 men underwent repeat SPBx; the cost-effectiveness of mpMRI if used as a 'triage test' to avoid unnecessary repeat prostate biopsy was retrospectively calculated using the Italian Public National Health System Day Service.

Results: SPBx vs.

Media exposure to terrorism and people's risk perception: The role of environmental sensitivity and psychophysiological response to stress.

Terrorist attacks have a destabilizing impact on the general population, causing distress and fear. However, not all individuals are equally susceptible to the effects of terror threat. This study aimed to examine whether exposure to terrorism-related pictures interacted with individual differences in environmental sensitivity and psychophysiological response to stress to explain people's risk perception, operationalized as perceived likelihood of a terrorist attack and willingness to trade off one's privacy to increase national security.

Multiparametric MRI/TRUS Fusion Prostate Biopsy: Advantages of a Transperineal Approach.

Background/aim: To evaluate the detection rate for clinically-significant prostate cancer (PCa) of transperineal (TP) vs. transrectal (TR) multiparametric MRI/TRUS (magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound) fusion targeted-biopsy.

Patients And Methods: From January 2016 to December 2016, 150 men underwent repeat saturation transperineal prostate biopsy (SPBx; median 30 cores) combined with targeted mpMRI/TRUS TR and TP fusion biopsies (4 cores for each procedure) of suspicious MRI lesions (PI-RADS 3/5).

Confirmatory biopsy of men under active surveillance: extended versus saturation versus multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection rate for clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) after multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI)/transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion biopsy versus extended biopsy or saturation prostate biopsy (SPBx) in men enrolled on active surveillance (AS).

Materials And Methods: From May 2013 to January 2016, 100 men with very low-risk PCa were enrolled on AS. Eligible criteria were: life expectancy greater than 10 years, cT1c, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) below 10 ng/ml, PSA density less than 0.

Multiparametric MRI Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) Accuracy in Diagnosing Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer.

Aim: To evaluate the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging apparent diffusion coefficient (mpMRI ADC) in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa).

Patients And Methods: From January 2016 to December 2016, 44 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for PCa and mpMRI lesions suggestive of cancer were retrospectively evaluated at definitive specimen. The accuracy of suspicious mpMRI prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS ≥3) vs.

Detection rate for significant cancer at confirmatory biopsy in men enrolled in Active Surveillance protocol: 20 cores vs 30 cores vs MRI/TRUS fusion prostate biopsy.

Introduction: The detection rate for significant prostate cancer of extended vs saturation vs mMRI/TRUS fusion biopsy was prospectively evaluated in men enrolled in active surveillance (AS) protocol. Mterials and methods: From May 2013 to September 2016 75 men aged 66 years (median) with very low risk PCa were enrolled in an AS protocol and elegible criteria were: life expectancy greater than 10 years, cT1C, PSA below 10 ng/ml, PSA density < 0.20, 2 < unilateral positive biopsy cores, Gleason score (GS) equal to 6, greatest percentage of cancer (GPC) in a core < 50%.

Transperineal Versus Transrectal MRI/TRUS Fusion Targeted Biopsy: Detection Rate of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer.

Introduction: To evaluate the detection rate for clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) of transperineal (TP) versus transrectal (TR) multiparametric (mp) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) fusion targeted biopsy.

Patients And Methods: From January 2015 to January 2016, a total of 200 men (median age, 61 years) with negative digital rectal examination findings underwent repeat saturation TP prostate biopsy (SPBx; median 30 cores) for increasing or persistent elevated prostate-specific antigen values. Ten day before SPBx, all patients underwent 3.

Accuracy of pelvic multiparametric MRI in diagnosing local recurrence following radical prostatectomy. Case report and revision of the literature.

A Caucasian man (73 years old) six years from radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer (PCa) showed biochemical recurrence (BCR); the follow up based on PSA evaluated every 6 months was negative (0.1 ng/ml) for 5 years, but in the last year PSA increased to 0.3 vs 0.

Can MRI/TRUS fusion targeted biopsy replace saturation prostate biopsy in the re-evaluation of men in active surveillance?

Purpose: The detection rate for significant prostate cancer of mMRI/TRUS fusion targeted biopsy versus saturation prostate biopsy was prospectively evaluated in men enrolled in active surveillance (AS) protocol.

Methods: From May 2013 to January 2015, 40 men aged 66 years (median) with very low-risk PCa were enrolled in an AS protocol, and eligible criteria were: life expectancy greater than 10 years, cT1C, PSA below 10 ng/ml, PSA density <0.20, ≤2 unilateral positive biopsy cores, Gleason score (GS) equal to 6, greatest percentage of cancer (GPC) in a core ≤50 %.

Accuracy of 3 Tesla pelvic phased-array multiparametric MRI in diagnosing prostate cancer at repeat biopsy.

Introduction: Multiparametric pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) accuracy in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis was evaluated.

Materials And Methods: From June 2011 to December 2013, 168 patients (median 65 years) with negative digital rectal examination underwent repeat transperineal saturation biopsy (SPBx; median 28 cores) for persistently high or increasing PSA values, PSA >10 ng/ml or PSA values between 4.1-10 o r 2.