Population size affected by environmental variability impacts genetics, traits, and plant performance in L.

Population size, genetic diversity, and performance have fundamental importance for ecology, evolution, and nature conservation of plant species. Despite well-studied relationships among environmental, genetic, and intraspecific trait variation (ITV), the influence of population size on these aspects is less understood. To assess the sources of population size variation, but also its impact on genetic, functional trait, and performance aspects, we conducted detailed population size estimations, assessed 23 abiotic and biotic environmental habitat factors, performed population genetic analyses using nine microsatellite markers, and recorded nine functional traits based on 260 individuals from 13 semi-dry grassland locations of Central Europe.

[Psychoses on the Schizophrenia Spectrum in Adolescence: A Cross-sectional Study of Factors Influencing Neuropsychology, Treatment Outcome, and Negative Symptoms].

Psychoses on the Schizophrenia Spectrum in Adolescence: A Cross-sectional Study of Factors Influencing Neuropsychology, Treatment Outcome, and Negative Symptoms The present study evaluated the factors influencing the course of disease of children and adolescents in an inpatient rehabilitation suffering from psychosis within the schizophrenia spectrum. 33 patients (mean age 19.4 years, = 2.

Traditional medicinal knowledge of woody species across climatic zones in Benin (West Africa).

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Plant parts are often used by local people to treat their affections. This study addressed the Traditional Medicinal Knowledge of woody species in Benin and the dependence of medicinal use of woody species on climatic zones.

Aim Of The Study: It reports (i) the main diseases categories treated with medicinal use of woody species in Benin and changes across climatic zones by inferring their epidemiological status, and (ii) the woody species involved and their distribution according to climate conditions.

Plant intraspecific functional trait variation is related to within-habitat heterogeneity and genetic diversity in L.

Intraspecific trait variation (ITV), based on available genetic diversity, is one of the major means plant populations can respond to environmental variability. The study of functional trait variation and diversity has become popular in ecological research, for example, as a proxy for plant performance influencing fitness. Up to now, it is unclear which aspects of intraspecific functional trait variation (iFD) can be attributed to the environment or genetics under natural conditions.

Desert-like badlands and surrounding (semi-)dry grasslands of Central Germany promote small-scale phenotypic and genetic differentiation in .

Environmental heterogeneity among sites can generate phenotypic and genetic variation facilitating differentiation and microevolution of plant populations. Badlands are desert-like, predominantly vegetation-poor habitats often embedded in (semi-)dry grasslands. The desert-like conditions of badlands demand extreme adaptation of plants, that is, phenotypic modifications in short-term and/or natural adaptation in long-term.

Genetic diversity and structure of baobab ( L.) in southeastern Kenya.

Baobab ( L.) is an iconic tree of African savannahs. Its multipurpose character and nutritional composition of fruits and leaves offer high economic and social potential for local communities.

Construction and Psychometric Properties of a Short Form of the Personal Experiences Checklist.

Peer victimization is a significant problem concerning young people. However, there are few brief measures that cover the key domains of victimization, including cyber victimization. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to construct and validate a short form version of the Personal Experiences Checklist (PECK) to be able to measure victimization efficiently and effectively.

Characterization of 15 nuclear microsatellite markers for (Fabaceae) and related species.

Premise: (Fabaceae) is a valuable, internationally vulnerable tree species in tropical Africa. The development of specific simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci is necessary for population genetic studies in this tree species and its closest relatives.

Methods And Results: Fifteen new polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed for using Illumina next-generation sequencing.

Genetic Diversity and Genetic Relationships of Purple Willow (Salix purpurea L.) from Natural Locations.

In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of 13 natural locations of were determined with the use of AFLP (amplified length polymorphism), RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeats). The genetic relationships between 91 examined genotypes were evaluated by analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA), principal coordinates analyses (PCoA) and UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) dendrograms for both single marker types and a combination of all marker systems. The locations were assigned to distinct regions and the analysis of AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) revealed a high genetic diversity within locations.

Contrasting biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships in phylogenetic and functional diversity.

It is well known that ecosystem functioning is positively influenced by biodiversity. Most biodiversity-ecosystem functioning experiments have measured biodiversity based on species richness or phylogenetic relationships. However, theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that ecosystem functioning should be more closely related to functional diversity than to species richness.

Characterization and transferability of microsatellite markers developed for Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae)(1).

Premise Of The Study: Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae) is an octoploid, ecologically important, common tree species in European woodlands. We established 11 nuclear microsatellite loci allowing for detailed analyses of genetic diversity and structure.

Methods And Results: A microsatellite-enriched library was used to develop primers for 11 microsatellite loci that revealed high allele numbers and genetic diversity in a preliminary study.

Genetic diversity in aspen and its relation to arthropod abundance.

The ecological consequences of biodiversity have become a prominent public issue. Little is known on the effect of genetic diversity on ecosystem services. Here, a diversity experiment was established with European and North American aspen (Populus tremula, P.

The African baobab (Adansonia digitata, Malvaceae): genetic resources in neglected populations of the Nuba Mountains, Sudan.

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Premise Of The Study: Adansonia digitata L. is one of the most important indigenous fruit trees of mainland Africa. Despite its significance for subsistence and income generation of local communities, little is known about the genetic and morphological variability of East African populations of A.

A unifying study of phenotypic and molecular genetic variability in natural populations of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil from Yungas and Paranaense biogeographic provinces in Argentina.

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil is a discontinuously distributed native tree species in South American subtropical forests. Thirteen quantitative traits and eight nuclear microsatellite loci were examined in individuals from two biogeographic provinces of Argentina to determine the number and composition of genetically distinguishable groups of individuals and explore possible spatial patterns of the phenotypic and genetic variability.

Habitat fragmentation and recent bottlenecks influence genetic diversity and differentiation of the Central European halophyte Suaeda maritima (Chenopodiaceae).

Premise Of The Study: Central European salt habitats are mainly restricted to the maritime coast but scattered occurrences can also be found inland. In inland habitats, human activities have caused losses and reductions in the size of natural salt sites but have also created new anthropogenic habitats around potash mining dumps colonized by halophytic species in the last 30 yr. We aimed to investigate the effects of bottlenecks, isolation, and ongoing habitat fragmentation on the genetic variation of a species commonly growing in these special habitats.

Elastic stable intramedullary nailing for displaced pediatric clavicle midshaft fractures: a prospective study of the results and patient satisfaction in 24 children and adolescents aged 10 to 15 years.

Background: Whereas displaced clavicle fractures in young children are treated nonoperatively, older children are more likely to suffer persistent pain and misalignments during a longer period of treatment. This study presents the outcomes of elastic stable intramedullary nailing for displaced clavicle fractures in children over the age of 10.

Methods: Prospectively, this study evaluates elastic stable intramedullary nailing for displaced clavicle midshaft fractures in children and adolescents, aged 10 to 15 years, from July 2004 to June 2010.

Development of microsatellite markers for Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil (Fabaceae), a native tree from South America.

Premise Of The Study: Microsatellite primers were developed in the native legume tree Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure in natural populations in Argentina.

Methods And Results: Nine microsatellite markers were identified using a genomic library enriched for tandemly repeated motifs, eight of which markers were polymorphic.

[Dislocated midclavicular fractures in children and adolescents: who benefits from operative treatment?].

Background: Displaced midclavicular fractures in children are generally treated non-operatively. But there is a lack of age-related data concerning the functional and cosmetic results following conservative treatment and patients' content with the treatment.

Patients And Methods: In patients with displaced midclavicular fractures complications and pain was evaluated in relation to treatment option and age.

Genetic structure of coastal and inland populations of the annual halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) dumort. in Central Europe, inferred from amplified fragment length polymorphism markers.

Naturally occurring inland salt habitats are highly threatened due to increasing fragmentation and area reduction, while the surroundings of former potash mining dumps have experienced a massive invasion by halophytes over the last 20 years. We reconstructed colonisation patterns of these purely anthropogenic inland salt sites using molecular markers in the obligate halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) dumort.

Infection of Mytilus edulis by the trematode Echinostephilla patellae (Digenea: Philophthalmidae).

The blue mussel Mytilus edulis is described as second intermediate host for Echinostephilla patellae from the common limpet Patella vulgata. Mussels were infected with metacercariae of E. patellae under laboratory conditions.

Microsatellite markers for Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl. (Caryophyllaceae) and their cross-species transferability.

We developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Spergularia media (Caryophyllaceae), a perennial halophyte of coastal salt meadows and continental areas of western Eurasia. The number of alleles per locus observed in a single population of 20 individuals from the German North Sea coast ranged from 3 to 20. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.

Microsatellite markers for the tetraploid halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. (Chenopodiaceae) and cross-species amplification in related taxa.

We developed 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the tetraploid halophyte Suaeda maritima (Chenopodiaceae). Population genetic parameters were estimated for three populations from different habitats (coastal and inland), using the program Tetrasat. Between two and 15 alleles per locus were observed.

Isolation and characterization of 11 new microsatellite markers for Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae).

We provide primer sequences for 11 new polymorphic microsatellite markers developed in the tropical ant-plant genus Macaranga (Euphorbiaceae), after enrichment cloning of Macaranga tanarius and Macaranga hypoleuca. Allele numbers per locus ranged from two to 16 among 20 accessions of M. tanarius, and from three to 10 among 22 accessions of M.

Ambient fauna impairs parasite transmission in a marine parasite-host system.

To understand possible factors controlling transmission of trematode larvae between first and second intermediate hosts we examined the impact of ambient fauna on parasite transmission in a marine intertidal parasite-host association. Cockle hosts (Cerastoderma edule) kept together with selected co-occurring macrozoobenthic species in mesocosms acquired a lower parasite load compared to cockles kept alone, when targeted by cercariae of the trematode Himasthla elongata. The reduction of parasite load in the cockles differed between the 7 macrozoobenthic species tested and was between 35 and 91%.

IC31, a novel adjuvant signaling via TLR9, induces potent cellular and humoral immune responses.

IC31, the combination of a novel immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotide containing deoxy-Inosine/deoxy-Cytosine (ODN1a) and the antimicrobial peptide KLKL(5)KLK, represents a promising novel adjuvant signaling via the TLR9/MyD88-dependent pathway of the innate immune system. In mice, IC31 induces potent peptide-specific type 1 cellular immune responses, as well as mainly type 1 dominated protein-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. In addition, cytotoxic T lymphocytes were induced, able to kill efficiently target cells in vivo.