The prognostic value of p53 immunostaining in node-negative breast carcinoma.

Background: P53 plays a key role in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, and angiogenesis. Although some studies have reported as prognostic factor for poor survival in node-positive breast cancer, controversy about possible prognostic index for node-negative still exists.

Objectives: To look for correlations between the expression of the p53 protein and clinicopathological parameters, and to assess its prognostic value in node-negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma.

Endoscopic stenting versus surgical bypass in advanced malignant distal bile duct obstruction: cost-effectiveness analysis.

Objective: Palliative treatment of obstructive jaundice from advanced tumour of the distal bile duct is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and costs between endoscopic stent insertion and surgery.

Methods: The clinical data for 116 patients treated with either endoscopic plastic stenting (65 patients) or surgical bypass (51 patients) were reviewed and analysed.