Multiscale X-ray scattering elucidates activation and deactivation of oxide-derived copper electrocatalysts for CO reduction.

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO) into sustainable fuels and base chemicals requires precise control over and understanding of activity, selectivity and stability descriptors of the electrocatalyst under operation. Identification of the active phase under working conditions, but also deactivation factors after prolonged operation, are of the utmost importance to further improve electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO conversion. Here, we present a multiscale in situ investigation of activation and deactivation pathways of oxide-derived copper electrocatalysts under CO reduction conditions.

Epigenetic study of the long-term effects of Gulf War illness.

Gulf war illness is a chronic multisymptom disorder that affects as many as many as 25-35% of the military personnel who were sent to the Persian Gulf war in 1991. The illness has many debilitating symptoms, including cognitive problems, gastrointestinal symptoms, and musculoskeletal pain. Those so afflicted have been sick for more than 30 years and, therefore, it has become imperative to understand the etiology and then produce treatments to ease the symptoms.

Comparison of muscle activation during quadrupedal movement training and traditional bodyweight exercises.

Quadrupedal movement training (QMT) is a unique form of bodyweight training shown to improve flexibility, FMS scores, and proprioception, however, little is known about its muscle activation characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare surface EMG (sEMG) activity of muscles of the trunk, upper, and lower extremity during QMT movements and common traditional bodyweight exercises (TRA). Twenty (males n = 9) participants (age: 27.

Creating a biomedical knowledge base by addressing GPT inaccurate responses and benchmarking context.

We created GNQA, a generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) knowledge base driven by a performant retrieval augmented generation (RAG) with a focus on aging, dementia, Alzheimer's and diabetes. We uploaded a corpus of three thousand peer reviewed publications on these topics into the RAG. To address concerns about inaccurate responses and GPT 'hallucinations', we implemented a context provenance tracking mechanism that enables researchers to validate responses against the original material and to get references to the original papers.

Building pangenome graphs.

Pangenome graphs can represent all variation between multiple reference genomes, but current approaches to build them exclude complex sequences or are based upon a single reference. In response, we developed the PanGenome Graph Builder, a pipeline for constructing pangenome graphs without bias or exclusion. The PanGenome Graph Builder uses all-to-all alignments to build a variation graph in which we can identify variation, measure conservation, detect recombination events and infer phylogenetic relationships.

Pangenome-Informed Language Models for Privacy-Preserving Synthetic Genome Sequence Generation.

The public availability of genome datasets, such as The Human Genome Project (HGP), The 1000 Genomes Project, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the International HapMap Project, has significantly advanced scientific research and medical understanding. Here our goal is to share such genomic information for downstream analysis while protecting the privacy of individuals through Differential Privacy (DP). We introduce synthetic DNA data generation based on pangenomes in combination with Pretrained-Language Models (PTLMs).

Porphyrins on acid: kinetics of the photoinduced-protonation of tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphyrin.

Free-base porphyrins can be protonated, which significantly impacts their electronic and excited state properties. While excited state dynamics are well explored for either neutral or fully protonated porphyrins, the intermediate region has not yet been explored, although their potential implications for photocatalytic reactions are evident. This study explores how partial protonation affects the nature and properties of photoexcited states of tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) using steady-state and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.

The Effects of Slow Breathing during Inter-Set Recovery on Power Performance in the Barbell Back Squat.

Slow breathing (SB) reduces sympathetic nervous system activity, the heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) and increases parasympathetic nervous system activity, HR variability, and oxygen saturation which may lead to quicker recovery between bouts of exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether a SB technique using the 4-7-8 method between sets of barbell back squats (SQs) would attenuate drops in power and bar velocity. In a randomized, crossover design, 18 healthy resistance-trained college-aged males (age: 20.

The Coking of a Solid Catalyst Rationalized with Combined Raman and Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy.

The formation of carbon deposits is a major deactivation pathway for solid catalysts. Studying coking on industrially relevant catalysts is, however, often challenging due to the sample heterogeneity. That is especially true for zeolite-containing catalysts where fluorescence often hampers their characterization with Raman spectroscopy.

Pangenome graph layout by Path-Guided Stochastic Gradient Descent.

Motivation: The increasing availability of complete genomes demands for models to study genomic variability within entire populations. Pangenome graphs capture the full genomic similarity and diversity between multiple genomes. In order to understand them, we need to see them.

Prolonged exposure treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: Single case studies in a sample of adults with mild intellectual disabilities.

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in adults with intellectual disabilities. Often there are additional disorders such as substance use, mood and anxiety disorders. The current study focuses on the feasibility and initial efficacy of prolonged exposure (PE) for PTSD in adults with mild intellectual disabilities.

A revamped rat reference genome improves the discovery of genetic diversity in laboratory rats.

The seventh iteration of the reference genome assembly for Rattus norvegicus-mRatBN7.2-corrects numerous misplaced segments and reduces base-level errors by approximately 9-fold and increases contiguity by 290-fold compared with its predecessor. Gene annotations are now more complete, improving the mapping precision of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomics datasets.

The Role of Water in Carbon Dioxide Adsorption in Porphyrinic Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Capturing and converting CO through artificial photosynthesis using photoactive, porous materials is a promising approach for addressing increasing CO concentrations. Porphyrinic Zr-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are of particular interest as they incorporate a photosensitizer in the porous structure. Herein, the initial step of the artificial photosynthesis is studied: CO sorption and activation in the presence of water.

Pangenome reconstruction in rats enhances genotype-phenotype mapping and novel variant discovery.

The HXB/BXH family of recombinant inbred rat strains is a unique genetic resource that has been extensively phenotyped over 25 years, resulting in a vast dataset of quantitative molecular and physiological phenotypes. We built a pangenome graph from 10x Genomics Linked-Read data for 31 recombinant inbred rats to study genetic variation and association mapping. The pangenome includes 0.

time-gated Raman spectroscopy of solid catalysts.

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful analytical tool to provide new insights in the working and deactivation principles of solid catalysts. Intense fluorescence can obscure Raman spectra to the extent that they become uninterpretable. Time-gated Raman spectroscopy, based on pulsed excitation and time-gated detection, suppresses background fluorescence based on its slower time dynamics compared to Raman scattering.

Probing nearby molecular vibrations with lanthanide-doped nanocrystals.

The photoluminescence (PL) of lanthanide-doped nanocrystals can be quenched by energy transfer to vibrations of molecules located within a few nanometers from the dopants. Such short-range electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer (EVET) is often undesired as it reduces the photoluminescence efficiency. On the other hand, EVET may be exploited to extract information about molecular vibrations in the local environment of the nanocrystals.

Pangenome graph layout by Path-Guided Stochastic Gradient Descent.

Motivation: The increasing availability of complete genomes demands for models to study genomic variability within entire populations. Pangenome graphs capture the full genomic similarity and diversity between multiple genomes. In order to understand them, we need to see them.

Which Ion Dominates the Temperature and Pressure Response of Halide Perovskites and Elpasolites?

Halide perovskites and elpasolites are key for optoelectronic applications due to their exceptional performance and adaptability. However, understanding their crucial elastic properties for synthesis and device operation remains limited. We performed temperature- and pressure-dependent synchrotron-based powder X-ray diffraction at low pressures (ambient to 0.

Pangenome graphs in infectious disease: a comprehensive genetic variation analysis of leveraging Oxford Nanopore long reads.

Whole genome sequencing has revolutionized infectious disease surveillance for tracking and monitoring the spread and evolution of pathogens. However, using a linear reference genome for genomic analyses may introduce biases, especially when studies are conducted on highly variable bacterial genomes of the same species. Pangenome graphs provide an efficient model for representing and analyzing multiple genomes and their variants as a graph structure that includes all types of variations.

Epigenetic analysis in a murine genetic model of Gulf War illness.

Of the nearly 1 million military personnel who participated in the 1990-1991 Gulf War, between 25% and 35% became ill with what now is referred to as Gulf War Illness (GWI) by the Department of Defense. Symptoms varied from gastrointestinal distress to lethargy, memory loss, inability to concentrate, depression, respiratory, and reproductive problems. The symptoms have persisted for 30 years in those afflicted but the basis of the illness remains largely unknown.

A revamped rat reference genome improves the discovery of genetic diversity in laboratory rats.

The seventh iteration of the reference genome assembly for -mRatBN7.2-corrects numerous misplaced segments and reduces base-level errors by approximately 9-fold and increases contiguity by 290-fold compared to its predecessor. Gene annotations are now more complete, significantly improving the mapping precision of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomics data sets.

The Formation of NaYF : Er , Yb Nanocrystals Studied by In Situ X-ray Scattering: Phase Transition and Size Focusing.

β-NaYF nanocrystals are a popular class of optical materials. They can be doped with optically active lanthanide ions and shaped into core-multi-shell geometries with controlled dopant distributions. Here, we follow the synthesis of β-NaYF nanocrystals from α-NaYF precursor particles using in situ small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering and ex situ electron microscopy.