Design, Synthesis, and Neuroprotective Activity of Phenoxyindole Derivatives on Antiamyloid Beta (Aβ) Aggregation, Antiacetylcholinesterase, and Antioxidant Activities.

In this investigation, a number of phenoxyindole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and tested for their neuroprotective ability on SK-N-SH cells against Aβ-induced cell death and biologically specific activities involved in anti-Aβ aggregation, anti-AChE, and antioxidant effects. The proposed compounds, except compounds and , could protect SK-N-SH cells at the IC of anti-Aβ aggregation with cell viability values ranging from 63.05% ± 2.

Effects of water-soluble mangosteen extract on cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (WECAN-AD): A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: The water-soluble mangosteen pericarp extract's (WME) effect was investigated in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: The participants received 4 mg/kg/day of WME for 24 weeks (low dose, n = 33), 4 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks and then 8 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks (high dose, n = 33); or a placebo (n = 42). The outcomes were neuropsychiatric test scores, safety, tolerability, and the blood 4-hydroxynonenal level.

Sustained β-AR stimulation induces synthesis and secretion of growth factors in cardiac myocytes that affect on cardiac fibroblast activation.

Paracrine factors, including growth factors and cytokines, released from cardiac myocytes following β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation regulate cardiac fibroblasts. Activated cardiac fibroblasts have the ability to increase collagen synthesis, cell proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation, leading to cardiac fibrosis. However, it is unknown which β-AR subtypes and signaling pathways mediate the upregulation of paracrine factors in cardiac myocytes.

Antioxidant-Enhancing Property of the Polar Fraction of Mangosteen Pericarp Extract and Evaluation of Its Safety in Humans.

Crude extract from the pericarp of the mangosteen (mangosteen extract [ME]) has exhibited several medicinal properties in both animal models and human cell lines. Interestingly, the cytotoxic activities were always observed in nonpolar fraction of the extract whereas the potent antioxidant was often found in polar fraction. Although it has been demonstrated that the polar fraction of ME exhibited the antioxidant activity, the safety of the polar fraction of ME has never been thoroughly investigated in humans.

Comparison of poly(ε-caprolactone) chain lengths of poly(ε-caprolactone)-co-d-α-tocopheryl-poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate nanoparticles for enhancement of quercetin delivery to SKBR3 breast cancer cells.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the different hydrophobic chain lengths of poly(ε-caprolactone)-co-d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (P(CL)-TPGS) copolymers on the nanoparticle properties and delivery efficiency of quercetin to SKBR3 breast cancer cells. The 5:1, 10:1 and 20:1 P(CL)-TPGS copolymers were fabricated and found to be composed of 25.0%, 45.

Gene expression of cytokeratin 19 and its molecular detection in human breast cancer cell lines.

Cytokeratins have been identified as useful tools in oncology diagnostics. In this study, cytokeratin19 (CK19) expression was studied in three human breast cancer cell lines, SKBR3, BT549, and BT474 using RT-PCR. CK19 was expressed in tumor cell of different origin, showing higher expression in invasive breast cancer with ER(+) (BT474) than invasive breast cancer with ER(-) (BT549) and breast adenocarcinoma with ER(-) (SKBR3).

Enhanced toxicity and cellular uptake of methotrexate-conjugated nanoparticles in folate receptor-positive cancer cells by decorating with folic acid-conjugated d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate.

Folic acid-conjugated d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS-FOL) decorated methotrexate (MTX)-conjugated nanoparticles were developed for targeted delivery of MTX to folate receptor-expressed tumor cells. The synthesis of TPGS-FOL followed 3-step process. Firstly, the terminal hydroxyl group of TPGS was converted to sulfonyl chloride using mesyl chloride in comparison with nosyl and tosyl chlorides.

Cytotoxic effect and mechanism inducing cell death of α-mangostin liposomes in various human carcinoma and normal cells.

The aims of this study were to develop α-mangostin liposomes as well as to evaluate their physicochemical properties and cytotoxic activity. α-Mangostin liposomes were prepared using the reverse-phase evaporation method with lipid composition of phosphatidylcholine to cholesterol at 7 : 3 molar ratios; their physicochemical properties and antiproliferative activity were assessed using an MTT assay in four human carcinoma cells [that is, human lung epithelial carcinoma (Calu-3), human colon carcinoma (HT-29), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and human colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cells], and two human normal cells [that is, human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and human adult low-calcium elevated temperature (HaCaT) keratinocytes]. Determinations of morphological changes and oligonucleosomal DNA fragments were also carried out.

Anti-angiogenic actions of the mangosteen polyphenolic xanthone derivative α-mangostin.

Retinal neovascularization is a major cause of vision loss in diseases characterized by retinal ischemia and is characterized by the pathological growth of abnormal vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to play an important role in this process. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in up-regulation of VEGF associated with neovascularization in various tissues.

Comparison of the biological activity of two different isolates from mangosteen.

Objective: Mangosteen has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of many diseases. Recent studies have reported the active constituents isolated from this plant. In this study, purified α-mangostin, a major component and partially purified water-soluble fraction found in fruit pericarps, was carefully isolated, and their biological activity was compared, i.

Protective effects of mangosteen extract on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in SK-N-SH cells and scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice.

Mangosteen extracts (ME) contain high levels of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Protective effects of ME against β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), induced cytotoxicity have been reported. Here, we further studied the protective effects of ME against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and demonstrated the protection against memory impairment in mice.

Immunomodulatory activities of alpha-mangostin on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) a tropical fruit, has been used in traditional medicine. A frequently used part of mangosteen is the pericarp, containing a high content of xanthones.

In vivo toxicity and antitumor activity of mangosteen extract.

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) has been widely used in the traditional medicine of Thailand to treat various ailments, especially diseases of the digestive system and infections. Many reports show antiproliferation of crude extracts and active constituents from mangosteen against many cancer cell lines. Therefore, the current study is proposed to demonstrate in vivo evidence on the antitumor activity of mangosteen.

Evaluation of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid detection of Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis.

An immunochromatographic assay was developed to detect Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis in a single strip. The assay was constructed in the form of a sandwich, using 2 specific anti-S. Typhimurium and anti-S.

Protective effect of mangosteen extract against beta-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and altered proteome in SK-N-SH cells.

Beta-amyloid (A beta) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by inducing neurotoxicity and cell death mainly through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) has been recognized as a major source of natural antioxidants that could decrease ROS.

Immunomodulatory effect and quantitation of a cytotoxic glycosphingolipid from Murdannia loriformis.

NMR signal reassignments for a cytotoxic glycosphingolipid compound, 2, β-O-D-glucopyranosyl-2-(2'-hydroxy-Z-6'-enecosamide)sphingosine, isolated from an ethanolic extract of the herb Murdannia loriformis, have been achieved by use of FAB-MS, and 1D and 2D H and C NMR. The amount of 2 in the herb juice was quantitatively determined by use of a validated HPLC method (RP-18, MeOH-HO, UV detection at 210 nm). The immunomodulatory effect of the herb juice and of 2 was proved by means of in vitro cellular immunological assays.

Antiproliferative activity of Thai medicinal plant extracts on human breast adenocarcinoma cell line.

Ethanolic extracts of selected nine Thai medicinal plants were tested for antiproliferative activity against SKBR3 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line using MTT assay. Garcinia mangostana showed the most potent activity. However, all plant extracts showed activity in potential range for further investigation on cancer cells.

Antiproliferation, antioxidation and induction of apoptosis by Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line.

This study was designed to determine the antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidative properties of crude methanolic extract (CME) from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (family Guttiferae) using human breast cancer (SKBR3) cell line as a model system. SKBR3 cells were cultured in the presence of CME at various concentrations (0-50 microg/ml) for 48 h and the percentage of cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. CME showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with ED(50) of 9.

Cytotoxicity and apoptosis of ovarian and breast cancer cell lines induced by OVS1 monoclonal antibody and paclitaxel.

OVS1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) produced against ovarian cancer is currently used to identify mucinous cystadenocarcinoma antigen as a tumor marker secreted in serum. The potential of OVS1 MAb in ovarian cancer treatment was studied by evaluating the induction of cytotoxicity and apoptosis of SKOV3 ovarian cancer and BT549 breast cancer cell lines induced by OVS1. Paclitaxel, an antitumor drug, was used as positive control and applied as a combined drug together with OVS1 MAb.