Site-specific pathophysiology in a neonatal mouse model of gastroparesis.

Background: Early-life events impact maturation of the gut microbiome, enteric nervous system, and gastrointestinal motility. We examined three regions of gastric tissue to determine how maternal separation and gut microbes influence the structure and motor function of specific regions of the neonatal mouse stomach.

Methods: Germ-free and conventionally housed C57BL/6J mouse pups underwent timed maternal separation (TmSep) or nursed uninterrupted (controls) until 14 days of life.

Clostridioides difficile Infection in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients: Comparisons of Epidemiology, Testing, and Treatment from 2013 to 2019.

Objectives: To compare the incidence, epidemiology, testing patterns, treatment, and outcomes of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among hospitalized pediatric patients from 2013 to 2019.

Study Design: The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried for patient admissions (age 0-17 years) with International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th edition, codes for diagnoses of CDI with a billing code for a CDI-related antibiotic treatment.

Results: We identified 17 142 pediatric patients, representing 23 052 admissions, with CDI.

Early-life malnutrition causes gastrointestinal dysmotility that is sexually dimorphic.

Background: Slow gastrointestinal (GI) transit occurs in moderate-to-severe malnutrition. Mechanisms underlying malnutrition-associated dysmotility remain unknown, partially due to lack of animal models. This study sought to characterize GI dysmotility in mouse models of malnutrition.

Microbiota on biotics: probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics to optimize growth and metabolism.

The early stages of the metagenomics era produced countless observational studies linking various human diseases to alterations in the gut microbiota. Only recently have we begun to decipher the causal roles that gut microbes play in many of these conditions. Despite an incomplete understanding of how gut microbes influence pathophysiology, clinical trials have tested empirically numerous microbiota-targeting therapies to prevent or treat disease.