Lung ultrasound score predicts outcomes in patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 treated with non-invasive respiratory support: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Lung ultrasound has demonstrated its usefulness in several respiratory diseases management. One derived score, the Lung Ultrasound (LUS) score, is considered a good outcome predictor in patients with Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF). Nevertheless, it has not been tested in patients undergoing non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS).

Ultrasound-guided cerebral resuscitation in patients with severe traumatic brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a worldwide public health concern given its significant morbidity and mortality, years of potential life lost, reduced quality of life and elevated healthcare costs. The primary injury occurs at the moment of impact, but secondary injuries might develop as a result of brain hemodynamic abnormalities, hypoxia, and hypotension. The cerebral edema and hemorrhage of the injured tissues causes a decrease in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), which leads to higher risk of cerebral ischemia, herniation and death.

Combined Noninvasive Respiratory Support Therapies to Treat COVID-19.

Background: The roles of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and CPAP in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are controversial. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of the application of a noninvasive respiratory support algorithm on clinical outcomes in subjects with COVID-19 and with acute respiratory failure.

Methods: We performed a single-center prospective observational study of subjects with respiratory failure from COVID-19 managed with HFNC and with CPAP plus HFNC (combined therapy).

[Preliminary results of a non-invasive ventilatory support unit in SARS-COVID-2].

The use of non-invasive respiratory support in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is controversial. The aim of this observational study was to show the experience of the first month since the creation of a Non-invasive Ventilatory Support Unit (NIVSU) at Hospital Fernández. We describe the creation of the NIVSU, the health professional-patient ratio, the type of room, the modified personal protection equipment; diagnostic, monitoring and ventilatory support equipment for treatment, as well as the inclusion criteria and the treatment algorithm.

A Case Report on the Use of Pharmacological Intervention in the Treatment of Diffuse Axonal Injury From Road Traffic Accidents.

We report a case of traumatic brain injury treated with Cerebrolysin, a neurorecovery stimulating agent. Our therapeutic approach was based on the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and, in particular, of diffuse axonal injury. The patient registered marked improvement in mood and cognitive performance, indicating the effectiveness of multimodal and multidisciplinary interventions after traumatic brain injury.

Delirium in a Latin American intensive care unit. A prospective cohort study of mechanically ventilated patients.

Objective: To establish the prevalence of delirium in a general intensive care unit and to identify associated factors, clinical expression and the influence on outcomes.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study in a medical surgical intensive care unit. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale and Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit were used daily to identify delirium in mechanically ventilated patients.

[Changes in cerebral hemodynamics in chronic users of "PACO" and cocaine: case-control study].

Objective: To assess if there are changes in brain hemodynamics evaluated by means of transcranial doppler's flow velocity, pulsatile index and cerebral perfusion pressure, between cocaine chronic abusers and healthy volunteers.

Method: Prospective, case and control, observational study. Sex, age, user history, vital signs and transcranial doppler findings.

A pilot study of transcranial Doppler-guided initial resuscitation of traumatic and non-traumatic comatose patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of early Transcranial Doppler (TCD) in guiding initial resuscitation of traumatic and non-traumatic comatose patients before diagnostic imaging and invasive neurologic monitoring.

Methods: This was a prospective, interventional study and included patients in coma, before performing diagnostic imaging. A TCD was performed as soon as possible upon admission.

Differences in hospital- and ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant) between Europe and Latin America: a comparison of the EUVAP and LATINVAP study cohorts.

Purpose: A comparison is made of epidemiological variables (demographic and clinical characteristics) and outcomes in patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) or ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA and MRSA) in the Latin American VAP (LATINVAP) vs. the European Union VAP (EUVAP) cohorts of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods: The EUVAP project was a prospective, multicenter observational study reporting 827 patients with HAP/VAP in 27 ICUs from 9 European countries.

Case report on the clinical results of a combined cellular therapy for chronic spinal cord injured patients.

Objectives: With the intention to ameliorate the clinical condition of patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), a program that combines three cell therapies and an appropriate neurorehabilitation program were used to recreate and enhance the natural conditions of SCI repair.

Methods: Vascularization recovery is approached by selective artery infusion of BMMNCs (bone marrow mononuclear cells) to the disrupted area. Eighteen days later, with the aim to restore the specific inflammatory activity, an i.

Acute treatment costs of intracerebral hemorrhage and ischemic stroke in Argentina.

Background And Purpose: Stroke is the third leading cause of death in Argentina, yet little information exists on the acute treatment provided for stroke or its costs. This study estimates the national costs of the acute treatment of first-ever intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke (IS) in Argentina.

Methods: Retrospective hospital-based inception study design using data on resource use and costs from high-volume stroke centers in Argentina, and published population-based incidence data.

[Head injury in Buenos Aires city: a prospective, population based, epidemiologic study].

Objective: The aim of the study is to present head injury (HI) epidemiology in a population of Buenos Aires that represents almost all socioeconomic sectors.

Material And Method: Prospective, population based study, approved by the Ethic, Education and Research Committees as part of a neurotrauma program.

Results: HI incidence was 322/100,000 inhabitants, of them mild HI accounted for 93%, moderate HI 4% and severe HI 3%.

Optimizing cerebral perfusion pressure during fiberoptic bronchoscopy in severe head injury: effect of hyperventilation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate if Hyperventilation (HV) could avoid the Intracranial Pressure (ICP) peak that occurs during Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy (FB) in severely head injured patients. A Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP) > 75 mmHg was maintained in 34 patients, with a subgroup randomized to receive controlled HV during FB. Measurements were done before the procedure, during maximum ICP values and 30 minutes after FB.

Advances in management of neurosurgical trauma in different continents.

Neurotrauma is a major public health problem. The incidence varies from 67 to 317 per 100,000 and mortality rates are in the range of near 1% for minor injury, 18% for mild injury, and 48% for severe head injury. It is the main cause of death and disability in people under 40 years old.

[Guidelines for the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A consensus conference].

The subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by aneurysmatic rupture is responsible for 6% of the cerebral vascular accidents. The cerebral aneurysms are present in 0.2-9.