Higher maternal bread and thiamine intakes are associated with increased infant allergic disease.

Background: A mother's diet during pregnancy may influence her infant's immune development. However, as potential interactions between components of our dietary intakes can make any nutritional analysis complex, here we took a multi-component dietary analysis approach.

Methods: Nutritional intake data was collected from 639 pregnant women using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to reflect their dietary intakes during 32-36 weeks of gestation.

Effects of pregnancy and lactation prebiotics supplementation on infant allergic disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Ingestion of prebiotics during pregnancy and lactation may have immunomodulatory benefits for the developing fetal and infant immune system and provide a potential dietary strategy to reduce the risk of allergic diseases.

Objective: We sought to determine whether maternal supplementation with dietary prebiotics reduces the risk of allergic outcomes in infants with hereditary risk.

Methods: We undertook a double-blind randomized controlled trial in which pregnant women were allocated to consume prebiotics (14.

Impact of the Soweto football derby on the trauma emergency department at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, a tertiary level hospital in South Africa.

Introduction: The Soweto Derby is one of Africa's largest football derbies. The two rival teams, Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates, both originate in Soweto, a sprawling township 20km outside Johannesburg. Soweto is infamous for the high levels of violent crime and trauma, but also for Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), with one of the world's largest trauma emergency departments (ED).

Long COVID and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and treatment: A Keystone Symposia report.

In 2023, the Keystone Symposia held the first international scientific conference convening research leaders investigating the pathology of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or Long COVID, a growing and urgent public health priority. In this report, we present insights from the talks and workshops presented during this meeting and highlight key themes regarding what researchers have discovered regarding the underlying biology of PASC and directions toward future treatment. Several themes have emerged in the biology, with inflammation and other immune alterations being the most common focus, potentially related to viral persistence, latent virus reactivation, and/or tissue damage and dysfunction, especially of the endothelium, nervous system, and mitochondria.

Stakeholders' perceptions of family-centred care in the intensive care unit: An associative group analysis.

Aim: To explore different stakeholders' including nurses, health care professionals and family member's perceptions of ideal family-centred care in an intensive care unit.

Research Design And Methods: We used a mixed method approach to identify perceptions of family-centred care with 60 stakeholders of equal numbers who voluntarily participated in the study. Data were collected over one month using an associative group analysis method.

High-Fiber Diet during Pregnancy Characterized by More Fruit and Vegetable Consumption.

Higher dietary fiber intakes during pregnancy may have the potential health benefits of increasing gut microbiome diversity, lowering the risk of glucose intolerance and pre-eclampsia, achieving appropriate gestational weight gain, and preventing constipation. In this observational cohort study, we have assessed the dietary fiber intakes of 804 women in late pregnancy, using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Overall, the median (interquartile range) dietary fiber intake was 24.

Evaluation of Liquid Versus Dry Specimen Transport With a Newly Validated Isothermal Amplification High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Assay.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether the proportion of positive high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) tests in endocervical specimens transported dry differs from paired specimens transported in liquid media.

Methods: Five hundred women aged of 30 to 55 years were recruited, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, China. Two samples were collected from the endocervix per patient, one placed into empty vial, the other into a liquid transport solution.

Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure or Cervical Conization to Exclude Cervical Cancer Before Simple Hysterectomy.

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine which women require loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) or cervical conization (cone) to exclude cervical cancer after colposcopy for evaluation of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests yet before simple hysterectomy.

Materials And Methods: Review of electronic medical records from colposcopy clinics followed by chart review of women with cervical cancer was conducted.

Results: Of 18,537 cervical colposcopies for evaluation of abnormal cervical cancer screening tests, 0.

Renal artery embolisation: indications and utilisation at Tygerberg Hospital.

Background: To evaluate the indications, efficacy and outcomes of endovascular renal artery embolisation (RAE) in the management of renal haemorrhage, specifically in cases of non-iatrogenic origin.

Method: This is a retrospective case note review of 92 patients who underwent RAE in the period from August 1999 to August 2014 at Tygerberg Hospital.

Results: Renal artery embolisation was performed in a total of 92 patients.

Key Determinants of the Value of Random Cervical Biopsy at Colposcopy.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess whether lower proportions of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2+ diagnosed by random biopsy are from lower cut points defining an abnormal colposcopic impression or obtaining only one random biopsy when colposcopic impression is normal.

Methods: We compared colposcopy experiences within Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study (SPOCCS) (n = 1,383) and Shenzhen Cervical Cancer Screening Trial (SHENCCAST) (n = 631), which had instructive differences in the cut point defining an abnormal colposcopic impression.

Results: The proportion of CIN 2+ diagnosed by random biopsy in SPOCCS (35.

Maternal Fiber Dietary Intakes during Pregnancy and Infant Allergic Disease.

Maternal diet during pregnancy plays a likely role in infant immune development through both direct nutrient specific immunomodulatory effects and by modulating the composition and metabolic activity of the maternal gut microbiome. Dietary fibers, as major substrates for microbial fermentation, are of interest in this context. This is the first study to examine maternal intakes of different fiber sub-types and subsequent infant allergic disease.

Ibuprofen Treatment Reduces the Neuroinflammatory Response and Associated Neuronal and White Matter Impairment in the Growth Restricted Newborn.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a condition where the fetus does not achieve optimal growth, commonly caused by placental insufficiency. The chronic decrease in blood flow restricts oxygen and nutrient supply to the fetus, which can damage numerous organ systems, with the fetal brain being particularly vulnerable. Although white matter and neuronal injury are evident in IUGR infants, the specific mechanisms underlying these changes are poorly understood.

Health students' experiences of the process of interprofessional education: a pilot project.

The need for interprofessional education (IPE) in health science disciplines is a current global trend. However, despite international support and demand, IPE is still new to many health professions curricula in South Africa. Furthermore, while ample existing academic literature addresses commonly encountered barriers to IPE, there is still a need to investigate the dynamics and challenges associated with the process of implementing IPE at universities.

Comparing the Effects of Two Tillage Operations on Beneficial Epigeal Arthropod Communities and Their Associated Ecosystem Services in Sugar Beets.

Beneficial arthropods provide important ecosystem services in terms of arthropod pest and weed management, but these services can be adversely affected by farming practices such as tillage. This study investigated the impact of two tillage operations (zone tillage and moldboard plow) on the activity density of several beneficial, epigeal arthropod taxa, and postdispersal weed seed and prey removal in sugar beet agroecosystems. In addition, four omnivorous ground beetle species were selected for a weed-seed choice feeding assay, whereas a single species was selected for a weed-seed age preference assay.

The efficacy of kinesiology taping for improving gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review.

Background: Kinesiology taping is an increasingly popular technique used as an adjunct to physiotherapy intervention for children with cerebral palsy (CP), but as yet we do not have a review of the available evidence as to its efficacy.

Objectives: To critically appraise and establish best available evidence for the efficacy of truncal application of kinesiology taping combined with physiotherapy, versus physiotherapy alone, on gross motor function (GMF) in children with CP.

Method: Seven databases were searched using the terms CP, kinesio taping and/or kinesiology tape and/or taping, physiotherapy and/or physical therapy and GMF.

Compliance With Best Practice Guidelines for Neurodevelopmental Supportive Care in South Africa: A Situational Analysis.

Neurodevelopmental supportive care provides preterm infants with evidence-based care to ensure the best possible neurological outcomes. The study aimed to determine the compliance of current nursing care practices with best practice guidelines by means of a situational analysis. The situational analysis was done in 2 cycles in the neonatal intensive care units (n = 25) of a private healthcare provider in South Africa.

Taking a prebiotic approach to early immunomodulation for allergy prevention.

With increasing focus on nutritional strategies to counter the rising global burden of allergic disease, there has been a particular focus on prebiotic nutrients that are selectively utilized by host microorganisms to confer potential immunomodulatory benefits for disease prevention. Areas covered: In this review we examine maternal and infant dietary sources of prebiotics with a particular focus on non-digestible oligosaccharides, which undergo microbial fermentation by commensal gut bacteria to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA). We summarize the major proposed health benefits of SCFA in early life immune development, together with the current evidence for maternal and/or infant prebiotic consumption in abrogating the risk of early childhood allergic diseases.

Carbohydrate-Functionalized 1,2,3-Triazolylidene Complexes for Application in Base-Free Alcohol and Amine Oxidation.

Acetylglucose- and acetylgalactose-functionalized triazolylideneruthenium(II) and -iridium(III) complexes were synthesized and fully characterized. Subsequent carbohydrate deprotection yielded the first examples of glucose- and galactose-functionalized 1,2,3-triazolylideneiridium complexes. Base-free oxidation of alcohols and amines was used to probe the catalytic potential of the metal complexes and the influence of the carbohydrate wingtip group.

Triazolylidene Iridium Complexes for Highly Efficient and Versatile Transfer Hydrogenation of C═O, C═N, and C═C Bonds and for Acceptorless Alcohol Oxidation.

A set of iridium(I) and iridium(III) complexes is reported with triazolylidene ligands that contain pendant benzoxazole, thiazole, and methyl ether groups as potentially chelating donor sites. The bonding mode of these groups was identified by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structure analysis. The complexes were evaluated as catalyst precursors in transfer hydrogenation and in acceptorless alcohol oxidation.

Response of Pemphigus betae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Beneficial Epigeal Arthropod Communities to Sugarbeet Plant Density and Seed-Applied Insecticide in Western Nebraska.

This study investigated the impact of a neonicotinoid seed-applied insecticide (Poncho Beta) and two plant densities (86,487 and 61,776 plants per hectare) on the sugarbeet root aphid (Pemphigus betae Doane), beneficial epigeal arthropods, and selected crop yield parameters in sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L. var. vulgaris).

Evaluation of Viral Load as a Triage Strategy With Primary High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Cervical Cancer Screening.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the human papillomavirus (HPV) viral load combined with cytology as a secondary screening strategy after primary HPV screening.

Materials And Methods: The data referring to direct Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2), cytology, and histology from Shenzhen Cervical Cancer Screening Trial II were re-analyzed to determine the correlation between viral load and cervical lesions. In addition, algorithms using different viral loads as cut points for immediate colposcopy plus cytology triage were compared with several recommended or controversial primary screening methods.