Innovative Nutrition Policies and Programs to Reduce Low-Income Children's Sodium Intake in the United States: Implication for Social Work.

Globally, high sodium intake is the leading dietary risk factor of morality. Most Americans, including children, consume too much sodium compared with the federal guidelines. Socioeconomic and racial disparities place children, many of color, from low-income households and neighborhoods, at higher risk of consuming foods high in sodium.

Biosynthesis and biological activities of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract.

The synthesis of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (Mg(OH) NPs) using plant extracts are known to be a practical, economical, and an environmentally friendly approach. In this work, Mg(OH) NPs were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Tinospora cordifolia, a medicinal plant commonly found in India. The synthesized Mg(OH) NPs were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques.

Dry Heating of Curcumin in the Presence of Basic Salts Yields Anti-inflammatory Dimerization Products.

Curcumin exerts some of its biological effects via degradation products formed by spontaneous oxidation at physiological, i.e., weakly basic, pH.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum in a 75-Year-Old Male With Follicular Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis that characteristically presents with progressive ulcerative lesions. The association of PG with hematological malignancies remains unclear due to its varied clinical presentation. Herein, we report the unusual case of PG in a 75-year-old male with stage III follicular diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Reproductive phenologies of phyllostomid bat populations and ensembles from lowland Amazonia.

Natural selection should favor individuals that synchronize energy-demanding aspects of reproductive activity with periods of high resource abundance and predictability, leading to seasonal patterns of reproduction at the population level. Nonetheless, few studies-especially those on bats in the Neotropics-have used rigorous quantitative criteria to distinguish among phenological patterns for different populations from the same habitat or for the same species in different habitats. To explore such issues, we quantified annual patterns of reproduction in male and in female bats from lowland Amazonia (environs of Iquitos, Peru), and did so at the level of populations and ensembles.

Incarcerated Loved Ones: Building a Community to Support and Advocate on Facebook.

Individuals with an incarcerated loved one are often overlooked when discussing the impacts of incarceration. It can be difficult for these individuals to navigate the criminal justice system, as well as form meaningful connections and obtain support from others that are experiencing a similar situation. Social media allows for connections to be made between individuals in similar situations that might not be geographically close to one another.

The 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase-2 cross-over metabolite, hemiketal E, enhances VEGFR2 activation and promotes angiogenesis.

Consecutive oxygenation of arachidonic acid by 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 yields the hemiketal eicosanoids, HKE and HKD. Hemiketals stimulate angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell tubulogenesis in culture; however, how this process is regulated has not been determined. Here, we identify vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) as a mediator of HKE-induced angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Physical Health Outcomes of Children in Foster Care: A Systematic Review.

Children of color-especially Black and Indigenous children-are disproportionately overrepresented in foster care and experience barriers in accessing services and receiving physical and behavioral healthcare compared to their White counterparts. Although racial disparities in mental health outcomes of children in foster care have been examined systematically, less is known about racial disparities in their physical health outcomes. This systematic review aimed to examine disparities in physical health outcomes (i.

Long-term spatiotemporal variation in density of a tropical folivore: responses to a complex disturbance regime.

The Anthropocene is a time of unprecedented and accelerating rates of environmental change that includes press (e.g., climate change) and pulse disturbances (e.

"Fear of the Unknown": Coparenting With an Incarcerated Individual.

Over 2.2 million individuals are currently incarcerated in prisons and jails across the United States. Having a family member incarcerated impacts the entire family system.

Status of Vector Control Capabilities and Capacities in Florida and Texas, and its Potential Public Health Consequences.

It has been reported that roughly 80% of vector control organizations throughout the southern USA lack critical capabilities to properly address potential vector populations and vector-borne diseases within their jurisdictions. This study further investigated current vector control capabilities and capacity within the states of Florida and Texas. It was reported that only 26% of jurisdictions in Florida and 14% in Texas reported that they were "fully capable.

From island biogeography to landscape and metacommunity ecology: A macroecological perspective of bat communities.

The equilibrium theory of island biogeography and its quantitative consideration of origination and extinction dynamics as they relate to island area and distance from source populations have evolved over time and enriched theory related to many disciplines in spatial ecology. Indeed, the island focus was catalytic to the emergence of landscape ecology and macroecology in the late 20th century. We integrate concepts and perspectives of island biogeography, landscape ecology, macroecology, and metacommunity ecology, and show how these disciplines have advanced the understanding of variation in abundance, biodiversity, and composition of bat communities.

Multiresidue analysis of pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in poultry meat and chicken eggs by GC-MS/MS: method development and validation.

The study uses gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to develop a reliable analytical approach for detecting multiclass pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in poultry meat and chicken eggs. The meat (2 g) and egg (4 g) samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile (10 mL) as part of the optimized sample preparation technique. The cleanup consisted of freezing an aliquot of the extract (5 mL) at -20 °C, followed by dispersive solid phase extraction using 50 mg PSA + 100 mg C+150 mg MgSO.

Prevalence of Exposure in Wild Pigs () from Oklahoma with Implications of Testing Method on Detection.

is a protozoan parasite, reported as a leading cause of cattle abortions and reproductive failure worldwide, costing the cattle industry approximately $1.3 billion annually. With wild pig () populations estimated at over six million in the United States, contact between wild pigs and livestock is inevitable, mainly because of the widespread geographic co-occurrence of the two species.

Effects of Host Species Identity and Diet on the Biodiversity of the Microbiota in Puerto Rican Bats.

Microbiota perform vital functions for their mammalian hosts, making them potential drivers of host evolution. Understanding effects of environmental factors and host characteristics on the composition and biodiversity of the microbiota may provide novel insights into the origin and maintenance of these symbiotic relationships. Our goals were to (1) characterize biodiversity of oral and rectal microbiota in bats from Puerto Rico; and (2) determine the effects of geographic location and host characteristics on that biodiversity.

PPE decontamination to overcome PPE shortage in rural area during pandemic.

Despite remarkable developments in healthcare, the world was not ready to stop the spread of the novel COVID-19 pandemic almost a century after the great influenza pandemic. The explosive increase in the number of patients stalled the healthcare system, and the first and apparent issue was the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). Our group established a system using a hydrogen peroxide vaporization method to decontaminate and reuse N95 respirators for healthcare workers.

A canonical metacommunity structure over 3 decades: ecologically consistent but spatially dynamic patterns in a hurricane-prone montane forest.

The Anthropocene is a time of rapid change induced by human activities, including pulse and press disturbances that affect the species composition of local communities and connectivity among them, giving rise to spatiotemporal dynamics at multiple scales. We evaluate effects of global warming and repeated intense hurricanes on gastropod metacommunities in montane tropical rainforests of Puerto Rico for each of 28 consecutive years. Specifically, we quantified metacommunity structure each year; assessed effects of global warming, hurricane-induced disturbance, and secondary succession on interannual variation in metacommunity structure; and evaluated legacies of previous land use on metacommunity structure.

Consideration of Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases during Differential Diagnosis.

Objective: Recognition and reporting of vector-borne and zoonotic disease (VBZD) cases is largely dependent upon the consideration of such diseases by healthcare practitioners during the initial diagnosis and ordering of specific confirmative diagnostic tests. This study was conducted to assess the general knowledge and understanding of VBZD transmission and clinical presentation.

Methods: Healthcare practitioners were surveyed to determine the extent of training and educational experiences they received relative to VBZDs, and their likelihood to consider such diseases during differential diagnoses.

Comparative evaluation of multi-residue methods for analysis of pesticide residues in black pepper by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry: critical evaluation of matrix co-extractives and method validation.

A gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of 133 pesticides in Black pepper (). QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) sample preparation method is preferred over multistep methods. Extraction was done by using acetonitrile followed by clean up using graphitized carbon, primary secondary amine and octadecyl silica (C).

Arthropods are not declining but are responsive to disturbance in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico.

A number of recent studies have documented long-term declines in abundances of important arthropod groups, primarily in Europe and North America. These declines are generally attributed to habitat loss, but a recent study [B.C.

Mechanistic Differences in the Inhibition of NF-κB by Turmeric and Its Curcuminoid Constituents.

Turmeric extract, a mixture of curcumin and its demethoxy (DMC) and bisdemethoxy (BDMC) isomers, is used as an anti-inflammatory preparation in traditional Asian medicine. Curcumin is considered to be the major bioactive compound in turmeric but less is known about the relative anti-inflammatory potency and mechanism of the other components, their mixture, or the reduced in vivo metabolites. We quantified inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in cells, adduction to a peptide mimicking IκB kinase β, and the role of cellular glutathione as a scavenger of electrophilic curcuminoid oxidation products, suggested to be the active metabolites.

Calorie intake is associated with weight gain during transition phase of nutrition in female extremely low birth weight infants.

We sought to determine whether there are sex-based differences in the requirements for calories or protein for optimal growth during the transition phase (TP) when an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infant, defined as a preterm infant with a birth weight of < 1000 g, is progressing from parenteral to enteral feeds. A retrospective review of ELBW infants born from 2014 to 2016 was performed at a tertiary NICU. Infants with necrotizing enterocolitis, short bowel syndrome, or chromosomal anomalies were excluded.

Functional volumes, niche packing and species richness: biogeographic legacies in the Congo Basin.

Understanding the determinants of species coexistence in complex and species-rich communities is a fundamental goal of ecology. Patterns of species coexistence depend on how biotic interactions and environmental filtering act over ecological and evolutionary time scales. Climatic fluctuations in lowland rainforests of the Congo Basin led to the number of vertebrate species being significantly lower in central compared with northern ecoregions of the Basin.

The Influence of New Surveillance Data on Predictive Species Distribution Modeling of and in the United States.

The recent emergence or reemergence of various vector-borne diseases makes the knowledge of disease vectors' presence and distribution of paramount concern for protecting national human and animal health. While several studies have modeled or distributions in the past five years, studies at a large scale can miss the complexities that contribute to a species' distribution. Many localities in the United States have lacked or had sporadic surveillance conducted for these two species.